Tangram samples. Didactic puzzle game for preschoolers. Tangram. The history of the origin of the puzzle game "Tangram"

Tangram is a puzzle, which is a square cut into 7 pieces in a certain way. For preschoolers, tangram is a great lesson to prepare for school. And at the age of 5 - 6 years, children love to play. They are interested in picture puzzles.

The aim of the game is to collect figures of people, animals, birds, numbers, objects from tangram parts ...

Tangram game rules:

- The assembled figure must include all seven parts.
- The parts must not overlap.
- The parts must be adjacent to each other.

Tangram scheme

(print out can be in Word, download file by clicking on the picture with the mouse)

Tangram parts

This is the tangram itself; invented pictures are obtained from its parts. You can buy it, but it is easy to do it yourself using the construction scheme. The drawing can be printed on colored paper on a printer or drawn by yourself using a ruler. Cut out the pieces of the puzzle from colored paper. Then, having laid out the desired figure, glue it on a thick sheet.

An example of a dog's circuit - made by 1st grade students for a lesson in mathematics and technology.

The tangram game for children can be of several difficulty levels. It is better to start with the simplest thing - to lay out the figure according to the pattern.

Scheme - rocket

So you can fold a house from a tangram.

At the second stage, you can invite the children to lay out the figures in a solid pattern.

And the third level, the most difficult: to come up with your own figures, similar to people, animals, birds. We offer pictures invented by children.

Scheme tangram - fox

Hare and camel

Scheme - Human

Figures - fishes

Print out a diagram of tangram animals.
(fox, cat, hare, camel, horse, dog)

Print diagram tangram numbers

(When you click on the image, a Word document file in docx format will be downloaded, which can be printed using Word)

There are various legends about the appearance of the tangram. Here is one of them ...

Almost two and a half thousand years ago, a long-awaited son and heir was born to the middle-aged emperor of China. The years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. One thing worried the old emperor: his son, the future ruler of a huge country, did not want to study. It gave the boy more pleasure to play with toys all day.

The emperor summoned three wise men to him, one of whom was known as a mathematician, another became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, amusing which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the intent eyes of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that often complex things consist of simple things.

Three sages invented "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts.

Many figures can be obtained from parts of a tangram. You can invite your child to make, for example, a transport - a boat, an airplane, figurines - fencers, a rooster, a pelican, a tree, a candle.

It is noteworthy that the word "tangram" itself is actually an old English word made up of two parts - "tan" - Chinese and "gram" - Greek for "letter". In China, the game is called Chi-Chao-Tu (7 cunning figures).

The essence of this puzzle is to add different silhouettes from 7 geometric shapes of tanram, as well as to invent new ones. Imagine, it is calculated that 7000 different combinations can be made from tangram elements. When solving the puzzle, only 2 rules must be observed: first, you must use all 7 tangram figures, and second, the figures must not overlap each other.

What is the use of tangram?

Folding according to tangram schemes contributes to the development of perseverance, attention, imagination, logical thinking, helps to create a whole out of parts and foresee the result of your activity, teaches you to follow the rules and act according to instructions. All these skills are necessary for a child during school and in adulthood.

Tangram: schemes for younger students

Young children are better off offering simple and interesting tangram patterns, such as animal silhouettes. We offer to bring a cat, carp, camel, fox, turkey and duck together with the children. Please note that one picture can be changed quite a bit by moving several figures, and the assembled animal changes position, that is, it seems to come to life.

Kitty

Carp and camel

Chanterelle

Duck and turkey

For you, a detailed description of the tangram scheme with the image of a hare.

1. The first figure of our hare will start from the head - a square. Attach the ears to the head: a medium-sized triangle and a parallelogram. We will make the body from 2 large triangles, and the legs from small ones.

2. Our bunny got scared of something and changed its shape: pressed its ears, folded its legs. Lay out the torso from 2 large triangles, connecting them in the form of a parallelogram. We attach the head from a square to the body, and ears from a parallelogram to the head. It remains to make legs from 2 small and 1 medium triangle.

3. The hare stopped being afraid and decided to look out from behind the bush: he pricked up his ears (parallelogram and middle triangle), and he also had a tail - a small triangle.

And this is what a fox looks like, catching up with a hare.

Tangram schemes for high school students

A fifth-grader can already boldly tackle more complex tangram schemes - images of people in motion. Also, children of this age will surely like the intricate silhouettes of numbers and letters.

Tangram develops abstract thinking well, therefore it will be useful for preschoolers who are preparing for school and.

Tangram in design

Adults can not only play tangram with children but also go further - use the technique of this puzzle in design. You can decorate the interior in an original and beautiful way with bookshelves in the form of tangram figures.

Embody your most interesting ideas, it all depends on your imagination.

Tangram is an old oriental puzzle made of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts together, flat figures are obtained, the outlines of which resemble all kinds of objects, from humans, animals to tools and household items. These kinds of puzzles are often called "geometric constructors", "cardboard puzzles" or "split puzzles".

With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break a whole object into parts, and vice versa - compose a given model from elements, and most importantly, think logically.

How to make a tangram

Tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the diagram of the tangram square by clicking on the picture and choosing "print" or "save picture as ...".

It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in the square - it turns out 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. Mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. Cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks. There are other options for how to draw a tangram, but when you cut it into pieces, they will be exactly the same.

A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out a tangram from pieces of different felt, sweeping them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each piece of the game must be made up of seven tangram parts, and they must not overlap.

The easiest option for preschoolers 4-5 years old is to assemble figures according to the diagrams (answers) lined with elements, like a mosaic. With a little practice, the child will learn how to make shapes according to the contour model and even come up with his own shapes according to the same principle.

Level one - download and print a color tangram, so it will be easier to navigate in the diagram.

Schemes and figures of the tangram game

Recently, tangram is often used by designers. The most successful use of tangram is, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture built according to the tangram principle is quite comfortable and functional. It can change depending on the mood and desires of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with the instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on different topics that can be folded from these shelves.In the living room, you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery, cats, hares and birds can be folded from the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - a drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

Which was created over 4000 years ago. The simple manufacture of a tangram makes this puzzle even more popular. The puzzle consists of 7 parts: 3 triangles (2 large, 1 medium), a square and a parallelogram, which together form one large square. If you add up all 7 fragments of a tangram, you can get a wide variety of figures, the outlines of which resemble various household items, buildings, animals and even people.

Diversity

Evaluate the assembled flat tangram puzzle figures, the photos of which are shown below. In everyday life, you can find various names for this board game, such as: "constructor from geometric shapes", "cardboard puzzle", "split puzzle".

Popularity and variability

The idea of constructing from tangram elements can be found in numerous shows by famous designers, in bold landscape design solutions. The most popular is its use in furniture design and construction. For example, transforming tangram tables, upholstered and cabinet furniture, etc. The popularity of furniture built on this principle is explained by its practicality and convenience. After all, it can be modified at the slightest desire of the owner. The happy owner of tangram furniture with his own hands will be able to radically change the interior of the room at any time.

There are a huge number of variations that can be assembled from triangular and quadrangular shelves. When purchasing such furniture, the buyer receives auxiliary instructions with various pictures and figures that can be obtained using these shelves.

Benefits of the puzzle

But first of all, tangram is a fascinating tool for thinking of a person, especially a child. DIY tangram is one of the best pastimes for parents with their children. The puzzle will help the child acquire the skills of analyzing images, isolating geometric shapes, dividing an object into parts, and composing a whole from parts.

Instructions

The process of creating a tangram is simple. The cost of this puzzle is low. Do-it-yourself tangram is often made of white or colored cardboard. For example, you can use cardboard from an office folder, boxes from under any household appliances, colored cardboard for schoolchildren. A more practical and durable version can be made from plastic. On any of the proposed surfaces, you must apply a template and cut. Let's note the insignificant amount of time spent on creating a tangram puzzle with our own hands, the diagram of which is given below and can be used as a template.

By cutting out the elements according to the template, you get a ready-made tangram, with which you can start playing. Together with your child, you can choose from a variety of patterns an interesting contour for you and fold the figure, which should consist of all seven parts of the tangram that do not overlap each other. By the same principle, you can come up with your own figures. For the smallest, they draw samples on paper and assemble the elements like a mosaic.

Creating a tangram puzzle with your own hands will allow you to have fun and useful free time!