Triangle tangram for kids. Didactic game - a puzzle for preschoolers. tangram

This is an ancient Chinese game. If you divide the square into seven geometric shapes, as shown in the figure, then you can make up a huge number (several hundred) of a wide variety of silhouettes from them: a person, household items, toys, various types of transport, numbers, letters.

The game is very easy to make. A square (its size can practically be any: 5 × 5, 7 × 7, 10 × 10, 12 × 12 cm, etc.) made of cardboard or plastic, equally painted on both sides, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square equal in size to two small triangles, and a parallelogram equal in area to a square.

Rules of the game:

1. Each assembled figure must include all seven elements.
2. When drawing up figures, the elements should not overlap each other.
3. The elements of the figures must adjoin one another.

When drawing up silhouettes, an adult constantly reminds children that it is necessary to use all parts of the set, tightly attaching them to each other.

An adult can use some techniques that will help the preschooler achieve the best results: offer an analysis of the sample as a whole or its most complex part, indicate the location of one or two figures in the silhouette being made, start laying out, and then invite the child to finish the silhouette or, conversely, complete that that was started by a child. It is necessary to constantly confirm the correctness of the child’s thoughts and actions, encourage him to plan the course of his work, discuss ways of laying out and results, encourage the desire to complete the work that has been started, overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal, fulfilling the plan.
Assistance to the child should be tactful, encouraging independence, activity, perseverance, initiative, leading to the achievement of results. Direct instructions on what to do and how to do it should be avoided. Such advice to children is appropriate: “Look (look) at the picture carefully. What figures is it made up of?”, “Try again, but in a different way”, “Remember how you laid it out last time, and start the same way”, “Think well first, and then do it.”

The game "Tangram" arouses great interest in children, contributes to the development of analytical-synthetic and planning activities, opens up new opportunities for improving sensory, developing creative, productive thinking, as well as moral and volitional qualities of a person.

The history of this game is interesting. Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the long-awaited son and heir was born to the elderly emperor of China. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and quick-witted beyond his years. It gave the boy great pleasure to play with toys all day long. And then the emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher. And he ordered them to come up with a game, having fun with which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist, become patient, like a true philosopher, and also understand that often complex things consist of simple things. Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts.

Stages of mastering the game "Tangram"

First stage - familiarization with a set of figures for the game, converting them in order to compile a new one from 2-3 available ones.

I.
Target. Exercise children in comparing triangles in size, composing new geometric shapes from them: squares, quadrangles, triangles.
Material: children have sets of figures for the game "Tangram", the teacher has a flannelograph and a set of figures for him.
Progress. The teacher invites the children to consider a set of figures, name them, count and determine the total number. Gives tasks:
1. Select all triangles, count. Compare in size, superimposing one on top of the other.
Questions for analysis: “How many large triangles of the same size? How many little ones? Compare this triangle (medium size) with the big one and the small one. (It is larger than the smallest and smaller than the largest available.) How many triangles are there and how big are they? (Two large, 2 small and 1 medium.)
2. Take 2 large triangles and make them sequentially: square, triangle, quadrilateral. One of the children makes figures on the flannelgraph. The teacher asks to name the newly received figure and say what figures it is made of.
3. From 2 small triangles, make the same figures, placing them differently in space.
4. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium-sized triangles.
Questions for analysis: “What figure will we make? How? (Let's attach a medium triangle to a large one or vice versa.) Show the sides and corners of the quadrangle, each individual figure.
As a result, the teacher generalizes: “Triangles can be used to make new various shapes - squares, quadrangles, triangles. The figures join one another on the sides. (Shows on flannelgraph)

II.
Target. Exercise children in the ability to compose new geometric shapes from existing ones according to the model and design.
Material: for children - sets of figures for the game "Tangram". The teacher has a flannelograph and tables with geometric figures depicted on them.
Progress. Children, having examined the figures, divide them on the instructions of the teacher into 2 groups: triangles and quadrangles.
The teacher explains that this is a set of figures for the game, it is called a puzzle or tangram; so she was named after the scientist; who invented the game. You can compose many interesting images.
1. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium triangles.
2. Make a new figure from a square and 2 small triangles. (First a square, then a quadrilateral.).
3. Compose a new figure from 2 large and medium triangles. (Pentagon and quadrilateral.)
4. The teacher shows the tables and asks the children to make the same figures (see fig.). Children sequentially make figures, tell how they did it, name them.
The teacher composes them on a flannelograph.

The task is given to draw up several figures according to the children's own plan.
So, at the first stage of mastering the game "Tangram", a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children's spatial representations, elements of geometric imagination, at developing practical skills in composing new figures by attaching one of them to another, the ratio of the sides of the figures by size. Tasks are changing. Children make up new figures according to the model, oral task, plan. They are offered to complete the task in terms of representation, and then practically: “What figure can be made up of 2 triangles and 1 square? Say first, then compose.

Second phase - drawing up silhouette figures according to dissected samples. The second stage of work with children is the most important for them to learn more complex ways of drawing figures in the future. Games should be effectively used by the educator not only for the purpose of exercising in the arrangement of the parts of the figure being composed, but also in introducing children to the visual and mental analysis of the sample.

Drawing a silhouette figure of a hare
Target. To teach children to analyze the way the parts are arranged, to compose, a silhouette figure, focusing on a sample.
Material: for children - a set of figures for the game "Tangram", a sample.

Progress. The teacher shows the children a sample of the hare's silhouette figure (see the figure) and says: “Look carefully at the hare and tell how it is composed. What geometric shapes are made up of the torso, head, legs of a hare? It is necessary to name the figure and its size, since the triangles that make up the hare (shows) are of different sizes; invites several children to answer.

R. The head of the hare is made up of a square, the ear is made of a quadrilateral, the body is made of two triangles, and the paws are also made of triangles.

AT. Was Kolya correct? If you spot errors, correct them.
The teacher asks another child to tell.

R. The body must be made up of 2 large triangles, the paw (this one) - from the middle triangle and the small one, and the other - from the small triangle.

AT. Now look at what geometric figure 2 large triangles form. Show the sides and angles of this figure.

R. This is a quadrilateral (shows its outline, counts angles, sides).

AT. And what shape does the middle and small triangle form together?

R. This is a quadrilateral, here (shows) not like a rectangle.

AT. So we looked at how the hare is made up, from what figures the body, head, and paws are made up. Now take your kits and compose. Who will complete the task, check whether it is correct.
After the figure is composed, the teacher asks two children to tell how they made the figure, that is, to name the location of the components in order.

R. I made it this way: the head and ear - from a square and a quadrangle, the body - from 2 large triangles, paws - from a medium and small one, and 1 paw - from a small triangle.

R. My ear is made up of a quadrangle, my head is made of a square, my paw is made of a triangle, my torso is made of large triangles, my paws - these are - from 2 triangles.
Sample analysis in this case was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. In the future, children should be invited to independently analyze the figure and draw it up.

Third stage mastering the game - recreating figures according to contour patterns (undivided)

Recreation of the figure-silhouette of a running goose
Target. To teach children to presumably tell the way the parts are arranged in the figure being composed, to plan the course of compilation.
Material: sets, figures for the game "Tangram", flannelgraph, sample, board and chalk.

Progress. The teacher draws the attention of the children to the sample: “Look carefully at this sample. The figure of a running goose can be made up of 7 parts of the game. We must first tell you how this can be done. What geometric shapes can be used to make the body, head, neck, legs of a goose?

R. I think that the body is made up of 2 large triangles, the head is made of a small triangle, the neck is made of a square, the paws are triangles.

R. I think that the head is made up from the middle triangle, and then everything is the same as Lena said.

R. The head is from a middle triangle, the neck is from a square, and the torso is from 2 large triangles, like this they lie (shows), and a quadrangle, and the legs are from small triangles.

AT. Take the figures and compose. And we will find out which of the guys is right.

After most of the children make up the silhouette of a goose, the teacher calls one child who draws the location of the parts with chalk on the board. All children check the figures they have compiled with the image on the board.

In the future, it is possible to analyze the sample of the figure being compiled not at the beginning of the lesson, but during it, when the children test various ways of drawing up on the basis of a presumptive independent analysis.

Fourth stage - exercises in drawing up images according to one's own plan. Having thought of compiling any image, mentally, in terms of representation, they divide it into its component parts, correlating them with the shape of tangrams, then compose it.

To develop the thinking and imagination of a child, you can use various means and methods, one of which is the tangram game. You can start working with such a fascinating and useful puzzle at preschool age. It will be interesting for children to fold a house, a fish or a cat from simple shapes, and colorful diagrams will help them avoid mistakes.

What it is?

The puzzle itself came to us from ancient China, and the fact that it is more than a thousand years old indicates that it is fascinating and useful. The word, somewhat unusual for native Russian speakers, in Chinese means "seven boards of skill."

The essence of the game is simple: from seven geometric figures on a plane, you need to build something given by the scheme. It can be a figure of a person or an animal, plants, some household items, toys, and older preschoolers can be asked to build numbers and letters.

The composition of the set is as follows:

• triangles (five of them) differ in size - large and small, two each, the middle one;
• parallelogram;
• square.

Interestingly, if you add the elements in a certain sequence, you get a square. You can buy a ready-made puzzle, and even more interesting - make it yourself from thick cardboard, painted in different colors - so it will be easier for the baby to navigate the diagrams.

The freedom of creativity is limited by two simple rules - one element cannot be superimposed on another, and all of them must be involved in the construction.

Brief history of the technique

Legend has it that a certain emperor of China began to use the tangram for the first time, who was very worried that his future heir did not show due interest in the learning process. Then the monarch called for the help of three wise men - a mathematician, an artist and a philosopher, who, by joint efforts, came up with a magic square. Thanks to him, you can perform a huge number of tasks. And the capricious prince finally began to learn.

It is known that even Napoleon at one time was engaged in folding tangram figures.

About the benefits

Puzzle exercises are certainly useful for preschool children, as they develop useful skills in an unobtrusive way:

• teach spatial thinking;
• form and consolidate the concepts of color and shape;
• improve attention, imagination;
• develop the ability to "read" the scheme-instruction;
• learn to visually divide the whole object into parts;
• help the development of fine motor skills, since the kids put the figures on the table with their fingers.

The purpose of such training is to improve the thinking of the child. At the same time, the variety of schemes helps to maintain interest.

Variety of tasks

Tangram for preschoolers is an exciting and useful activity that you can start from 4-5 years old. First, the kids get acquainted with a new set for themselves, study its elements, find a triangle on the instructions of their parents, show which one is large and which is small. Next, adults print out the diagram in full size, inviting the crumbs to overlay the elements on the drawing. It can be houses, animals, birds, fish, a Christmas tree, a little man.

Gradually, the tasks become more complicated, the children are offered a hint scheme, which in size may no longer correspond to the real “dimensions” of the figures, and the task is to fold something, such as a bird.

Children, as a rule, also become interested in the fact that several varieties of birds can be added from a specific number of elements.

To prevent preschoolers from being bored, you should come up with a plot - for example, compose a fairy tale about animals that would like to settle in a house. In order for each of them to take their own "room", you must assemble the beast from the elements of the puzzle. Next, preschoolers are offered the following scheme:

They make a cat, a hare, a horse, a fish, a duck, a dog. Next to the house, we can “plant” a fir tree to make it beautiful (its diagram is also presented above). Finally, a man built a dwelling for the menagerie - his figure is also on the diagram.

You should not torment the child with numerous compilations of animals, for one lesson 2-3 is enough, the next day you can continue the "settlement".

Cat lovers can be invited to compose these animals from puzzle elements according to the following schemes:

The installation is given something like this: today is the day of cats, let's try to collect as many different species as possible. Or another option: a cat came to visit us, told a lot of new things about her relatives. Let's show her how we can collect cats.

The houses are also very interesting, of which you can make a huge variety of tangram elements:

Together with the child, you should discuss what kind of house he would like to build, for example, for his pets, and then invite him to work. If something does not work out, do not get nervous and shout at the baby, such an attitude will only destroy his desire to comprehend the secrets of the Chinese puzzle. It is best to help, hold, praise for the efforts, then the result will be very soon.

When working with a tangram, it is important to use the game element, invent fairy tales and fascinating stories. Otherwise, the baby will quickly get bored and will be engaged through force. Therefore, it is better to tell him about the magic square, which, at the behest of a good sorceress, broke up into several fragments, literally everything can be created from them. But the sorceress needs an assistant, so the child is temporarily endowed with miraculous power, and according to the magic book (drawings and diagrams), he will populate the fictional kingdom with various inhabitants, build houses, boats, Christmas trees and so on.

Tangram is a great mental workout that will help you have fun and consolidate useful skills. Among the huge number of schemes, you can find those that will appeal to every preschooler.

Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"

Does everyone know what a tangram is? This is one of the famous puzzles. She was born in China over 3000 years ago. Of the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can make up many different objects and animal figures.
Draw a square like this on cardboard and divide it into parts. To begin, ask your child to fold these pieces into a square again. It is better if the child copes with the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then, of course, you can use the sample.

Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, will make up his own version. Such activities are useful in preparing children for schooling.
A ball of fluff
Long ear.
Jumping smartly
Likes carrots (hare).

Do-it-yourself tangram (game schemes, figures)

Tangram - an old oriental puzzle of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, ranging from humans, animals and ending with tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often referred to as "geometric construction sets", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".

With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.

How to make a tangram

Tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing out a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting "print" or "save picture as...".

It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in a square - we get 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. We mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks.

A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out tangrams from pieces of different felt, overcasting them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each figure of the game must be made up of seven parts of the tangram, and at the same time they must not overlap.

The easiest option for children is to assemble figures according to diagrams (answers) drawn into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the contour pattern and even invent his own figures according to the same principle.

Schemes and figures of the game tangram

Recently, tangram is often used by designers. The most successful use of tangram, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, and transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture, built on the principle of tangram, is quite comfortable and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on various topics that can be folded from these shelves. In the living room you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds out of the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

Hello, dear colleagues and caring parents! Today I will share with you my interactive game "Tangram". You can find a lot of information on this topic on the Internet. But interactive tangram only I have.

Tangram is a geometric constructor, a very interesting, useful educational and educational game. Tangram helps children get acquainted with different geometric shapes, teaches elementary design skills, develops observation, quick wits, and cultivates perseverance.

On the last slide of the presentation, tangram lovers are waiting for a chic gift(!)- a link to download the archive, in which there are 4 large clipart with sample pictures for folding the tangram. Clipart samples at the end of the article.

The classic tangram is also called the "cardboard puzzle". It's easy to do it yourself. To do this, you need to cut the square into two large triangles, two small triangles, a parallelogram and a square (the template is included in the presentation on the penultimate slide). It is better to make tangrams from cardboard and preferably colored on both sides.

I have been using this game for a long time. When I worked at school, I used a geometric constructor in the lessons of mathematics and labor training. I cut out sets of geometric shapes for each student. And now my little sons really liked this game (one is 4 years old, the other is 6 years old). My boys enjoy playing with it. And I came up with the idea to make the Tangram game interactive, that is, a flash game.

My idea was embodied using a presentation template with a DragAndDrop macro. First I found a template with a macro on the Internet, and then I went through a wonderful remote master class on creating presentations with the DragAndDrop macro.

My interactive game "Tangram" was created in the most common Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 program, but the presence of the DragAndDrop macro in it makes it possible to drag objects to any place on the slide. So I got a flash game.

In the interactive game "Tangram" I invite the child to collect six different pictures using geometric shapes: a house, a sailboat, a goose, a cat, a dog, a rabbit. On the third slide we see the menu.

Click here to select the image you want to collect. For example a house. We get on the slide with the picture "house". Here in the upper left corner is a sample with which the child will collect his picture. On the right is a set of geometric shapes. At the bottom there is a menu button that will take you back to the menu when clicked.

Here is what should work:

This game has two rules. First, you must use all seven figures. Secondly, the figures should not overlap with each other.

And now ATTENTION! After you download and open the presentation, be sure to enable the macro. Otherwise, you won't be able to drag pictures across the slide. To do this, in the PowerPoint program, click on the Office button (in the upper left corner), then select PowerPoint Options - Trust Center - Trust Center Settings - Macro Options - Disable all macros with notification.

Download presentation: https://yadi.sk/i/k7djr4usbtZDi

Your gift (!) on the last slide of the presentation - a link to download (in the archive there are clip art-sample pictures for folding a tangram: "Cats", "Houses", "People", "Animals" on a transparent background in large size):

tangram folding clipart samples: