Lay out of the details of Tangram image of a wolf. What is tangram and how this game is useful for preschoolers

The developing puzzle game "Tangram" is an interesting and adult classes. For the first time to acquaint children with her in 3-4 years. The upper age limit has no game. Perhaps you yourself will gladly break your head over the cunning figures of Tangram. This is a game that develops in children combinatorial abilities, imagination, attention and ability to act according to the instructions. In addition, for kids "Tangram" will also become a finger simulator.

The task of the player in the developing game "Tangram" fold the figures from the puzzle pieces so that, firstly, all parts of the puzzle were used, and, secondly, the parts did not block each other. Figures can be hung as you like, put up with any side up. Here, in fact, all the rules.
For children of different ages and developing tasks in the game "Tangram" should be different.

The tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children 3-6 years

For kids 3-4 years old, a rather complicated task will be the Tangram figures on the finished sample (answer) of the puzzle. At the same time, children need to compare the size and shape of the figures, find the correct position, and precisely to distinguish the figurine based on the tip is not so simple as it seems. Naturally, the shapes on the card must accurately match the dimensions of the shape of the toy.
The same tasks must be used with older children, starting them to acquaint them with this developing game. It is enough to give two or three such tasks and, if a child is easily coping with them, you can move to more complex tasks.

Quests of the developing game "Tangram" for children 5-8 years

For the children of this age will be able to fold the models from the Tangram figures already next to the answer card. In this case, the card may not correspond to the real size of the details of the Tangram. Once the child will easily cope with such tasks, you can go to the next step.

The tasks of the developing game "Tangram" for children from seven years and older.

Actually, it is here "Tangram" to become a puzzle game. The child is offered to collect a model, presenting only a card with a silhouette of the figure. At seven years, children will be able to cope with such a task, only if they have played easier options earlier.

Creative tasks for the educational game "Tangram"

When the guys have already learned how to fold the figures of the puzzle game, you can offer them to try to come up with their own-job figures. If you play with adult children 10-12 years old, then such figures need to be asked to draw in two versions - silhouette and tip lines. You can ask some topic. For example, animals of Africa. And arrange a competition for the most interesting figure. If the children are still small and can not sketch invented figures, then sketch them yourself or take a picture so that the idea does not disappear.

Production of the educational game "Tangram"

Make the "tangram" with your own hands - very easy. Take two sheets of color cardboard and firmly glue them with each other. Then put under the press, dry and cut the square. Traditionally, the size of the square for the game "Tangram" was 8x8 cm. But you can make it any size. Cut the square according to the scheme.
Square cutting diagram for the developing puzzle game "Tangram"
In China and Europe in the XVII-XIX centuries, this game was made from ivory or wood. It is unlikely that you have an elephant bone at hand, but it is very possible. Especially like this toy kids.

History of the game Puzzle "Tangram"

The history of the game Puzzle "Tangram" is covered with a secret. The most common legend, which invented it was in China, 4000 years ago, a certain deity named Tang - Myth, invented and launched "into people" by American chess player Samuel Loyad. The Loyad was generally the inventor of a wide variety of puzzles. With one of them, you are probably familiar. This is a puzzle game "Snacks".
On the truth history of creating a puzzle game "Tangram", it is possible to say exactly only one thing - invented it in China, most likely in the XVIII century. At the very least, the first book about this game was printed in China in 1803. By the way, the Chinese have a game with the title "Tangram", it is called Chi-Chao-Ty, which is translated as a "cunning pattern of seven parts". The puzzle game brought Chinese sailors to America. And from America, she already got into Europe, where he received her name "Tangram" (Tang "- Chinese," Gram "- letter).

Figures for the game Tangram

Figures of animals to the game Tangram:

Ostrich Tangram

Bird Tangram

Rooster Tangram

Lisa Tangram

Chicken Tangram

Goose Tangram

Tangram dog

Fish Tangram

Swan Tangram

Cat Tangram

Hare Tangram

It is noteworthy that the word "tangram" is in fact an old English word, composed of two parts - "Tan" - Chinese and "Gram" - in Greek "letter". In China, the game is called Chi-Chao-Tu (7 inching figures).

The essence of this puzzle is to fold out of the 7 geometric figures of tanrama of various silhouettes, as well as in the invent of new ones. Imagine, it is estimated that there are 7,000 different combinations from the elements of Tangram. When solving a puzzle, you must observe only 2 rules: the first - it is necessary to use all 7 figures of Tangram, and the second - the figures should not overlap each other.

What is the benefits of Tangram?

Folding on tangram schemes contributes to the development of perpetuity, attention, imagination, logical thinking, helps to create a whole of parts and anticipate the result of its activities, teaches to follow the rules and act according to the instructions. All these skills are needed to a child while studying at school, and in adulthood.

Tangles: Schemes for younger students

Little children are better offering simple and interesting Tangram schemes, such as animal silhouettes. We offer to collect together with children a cat, carp, camel, fox, turkey and duck. Please note that one picture can be completely changed to completely, moving several figures, and the assembled animal changes the position, that is, as if it comes to life.

Kitty

Carp and camel

Lisuk

Duck and turkey

For you a detailed description of the Tangram scheme with the image of the hare.

1. The first figure of our hare will begin to compose from the head - the square. We will apply the ears to your head: the triangle of the medium size and the parallelogram. Make a torso from 2 large triangles, and the paws are small.

2. Our bunny is scared of something and changed his form: I pressed the ears, folded my paws. We post out of 2 large triangles torso, connecting them in the form of a parallelogram. To the body to join the head of the square, and to the head - ears from the parallelogram. It remains to make paws of 2 small and 1 medium triangles.

3. The hare stopped being afraid and decided to look out from behind the bush: he put the ears (parallelograms and the middle triangle), and he also had a tail - a small triangle.

And so the fox looks like, a catching hare.

Tangram schemes for high school students

The five-grader can already boldly be taken for more complex Tangram schemes - images of people in motion. Also, the forces of this age will certainly come up with intricate silhouettes of numbers and letters.

Tangram is well developing abstract thinking, so it will be useful to preschoolers who are preparing for school and.

Tangles in design

Adults can not only play in tangram with childrenBut also go further - use the technique of this puzzle in the design. You can originally and beautifully decorate the interior with bookshelves in the form of Tangram figures.

Implement your most interesting ideas, it all depends on your imagination.

Tangles do it yourself (game schemes, figures)

Tangram is an old Eastern puzzle of the shapes that came with the square of the square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, square and parallelogram. As a result of the folding of these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all sorts of objects, ranging from man, animals and ending with the toas of labor and items. This kind of puzzle is often called "geometric designers", "cardboard puzzles" or "circulating puzzles".

With the tangram, the child will learn to analyze images, allocate geometric figures in them, will learn to visually break the whole object on the part, and on the contrary - to make a given model from the elements, and most importantly - to think logically.

How to make tangram

Tangles can be made of cardboard or paper, printing the template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print a tangrama square scheme by clicking on the picture and selecting "Print" or "Save the picture as ...".

It is possible without a template. In the square black diagonal - it turns out 2 triangles. One of them cut in half into 2 small triangles. We celebrate on each side of the second large triangle middle. We comply with these marks a medium triangle and other pieces.

More practical and durable tangles can be cut out of a rigid office folder or a plastic box from under DVD. You can make a little more complicate the task, cutting out tangles from pieces of different felt, by going through them along the edges, or at all from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each figure of the game should fold from the seven parts of the Tangram, and at the same time they should not overlap.

The easiest option for children is to collect figures on the schemes drawn on the elements (answers), like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn how to make shapes on the sample contour and even invent their figures on the same principle.

Schemes and Figures Game Tangram

Recently, tangram often use designers. The most successful use of Tangram is perhaps as furniture. There are tables-tangramas, and transformed upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture built on the principle of Tangram is quite convenient and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many of all sorts of options and combinations can be made up of triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, together with the instructions, the buyer is issued several sheets with pictures on different topics that can be folded from these shelves. In the living room you can hang the shelves in the form of people, in the children's of the same shelves you can fold the cats, hares and birds, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on the construction topic - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

We collect tangram

According to one of the legends, the tangram appeared almost two and a half thousand years ago in ancient China. A long-awaited son and heir was born in the elderly emperor. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and intelligent not in the years. But the old emperor bothered that his son, the future lord of a huge country, did not want to learn. The boy liked to play more with toys. The emperor called for three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and commanded them to come up with a game, to having fun, his son would have become the beginning of mathematics, learned to look at the world around the world It would be patient as a true philosopher, and would understand that often complex things consist of simple things. And three wise men invented "Shi-Chao-Tyu" - a square cut into seven parts.

Parfenova Valentina Nikolaevna, Children's Garden Educator

One of the components of the methodological support in the section "Elementary Mathematical Presentations in kindergarten" is the game "Tangram", by means of which mathematical, speech and corrective tasks can be solved.

The game "Tangram" is one of the simple mathematical games. The game is easy to manufacture. 10 10 cm square. From cardboard or plastic, equally painted on both sides, cut into 7 parts, which are called tans. As a result, 2 large, 2 small and 1 medium triangles, square and parallelogram are obtained. Each child is given an envelope with 7 tans and a sheet of cardboard on which they lay out the picture from the sample. Using all 7 tans, attaching them tightly one to another, children constitute a lot of different images according to samples and on their own intention.

The game is interesting and children, and adults. Children carries the result - they are included in active practical activity on the selection of the formation of figures in order to create a silhouette.

The success of the development of the game in preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of children. Playing, children remember the names of geometric shapes, their properties, distinctive features, examine the form with a visual and touch-motor means, are fluent in them in order to obtain a new figure. Children develops the ability to analyze simple images, to allocate in them and in the surrounding items, geometric forms, practically modify the figures by cutting and make them out of parts.

At the first stage of the development of the game Tangram, a number of exercises are held to develop spatial representations in children, elements of geometric imagination, to develop practical skills in the compilation of new figures by attaching one of them to another.

Children are offered different tasks: draw up figures according to the sample, the interpretation, the plan. These exercises are preparatory to the second stage of mastering the game - the preparation of figures in the dismembered samples<Приложение №1 >.

For a successful reconstruction of the figures, the ability to visually analyze the shape of a plane figure and its parts is necessary. Children often allow errors in the combination of figures on the sides and in a proportional ratio.

Then follow the exercises in the preparation of figures. In case of difficulty, children turn to the sample. It is made in the form of a table on a sheet of paper as the size of the silhouette figure, as well as the sets of figures in children. It makes it easier at the first occupation analysis and check of the recreated image with a sample<Рисунок №1>.

The third stage of the development of the game is the compilation of figures in the samples of contour, abused<Приложение №1>. This is available to children of 6-7 years, subject to training. The games for the compilation of figures in samples follow the exercises in the preparation of images on their own intent.

Stages of work on the introduction of the game "Tangram" with children of senior preschool age with the general underdevelopment of speech (ONR) were as follows.

First, the game "Tangram" was conducted as part of the classes in mathematics for 5-7 minutes. Child observations during the game confirmed the fact that the game of children liked. After that, a competition element was introduced, and the one who was faster than others laid out a picture, received a bid award.

Children are even more interested. They began to ask to leave more time for the game "Tangram". This made it possible to carry out mathematical leisure, quiz, where children played up to 20-40 minutes.

To enrich the theme of the game, there was a diversity of this material, it was found in the journals "Primary School", "Preschool Education", in the books of Z.A. Mikhailova, T.Tarabarina, N.V. Lucky. and etc.

Many pictures were developed by the educator. A number of pictures have come up with children of the preparatory group. Child observations confirmed that this game develops mental and speech abilities in children.

There were guys with a diagnosis of "general underdevelopment of speech", with bad memory, with a small margin of words, closed. They played alone more often. With such children, educators played individually, offered pictures for the game at home with the whole family. The results were unexpected, the children began to align, someone faster, someone slower, but they no longer lagged behind the peers in the layout of the pictures and even outpace some. After defeating his shyness, closure, these guys began to extract the alphabet, reading, mathematics and went to school from a kindergarten with a clean speech, able to read well and count.

The next step on the complication of this game was the selection of speech material to the pictures: riddles, funny short poems, patterners, cleanrs, counting, fizminutka. In the speech therapy kindergarten, this speech material for children with sound impaired and speech has become especially useful. Playing in Tangram, the children memorized this material, fixed and automated the sounds in the cleanrs and patter. Children had a speech, the memory was trained.

During the game in Tangram, the kids were fixed in the quantitative account skills. (Total 5 triangles, 2 large triangles, 2 small triangles, 1 average triangle magnitude. Total in the game 7 Tan).

Children practically mastered by a sequence account. So, if you count the tanya pictures "Rocket" from top to bottom, then the square is in the fifth place, small triangles stand in the first and fourth place, the middle triangle - on the third, large triangles - on the sixth and seventh place<Приложение №1 >.

Consider tanya from top to bottom, from left to right, children exercise in orientation on a sheet of paper.

By making this or that picture, the children are compared by the magnitude of the triangles, determine the place for small, large and medium triangles in the pictures of the game "Tangram".

The knowledge of geometric figures in this game (triangle, square and quadrangle) is constantly fixed.

Playing, rearring small cardboard figures-tanya, children train small muscles and fingers.

In the speech therapy groups of kindergarten, work is conducted in vocabulary-grammar topics, within the framework of which the knowledge of children about the world around the world is specified and enshrined. For many topics, pictures for the game "Tangram" have been developed (wild and pets and birds, trees, houses, furniture, toys, dishes, transport, man, family, flowers, mushrooms, insects, fish, etc.). Theme "Wild Animals" Developed Pictures: Hare, Fox, Wolf, Bear, Squirrel, Leo, Kangaroo<Приложение №1 >. Playing with pictures, laying out them, children memorize a diverse speech material, and also fix and automate the sounds supplied by the speech therapist.

Often dads are wondering: what to play with the child at home? Yes, so that the game was with the benefit for the development of the baby. Moreover, if this baby is already running and spent in the whole.

At a time, when moms more like to play games for the development of the creative abilities of the child (sing, draw, pested with the baby), Pope is more often baked about the logical and mathematical development of their Chad. So what to play?

We offer you a puzzle game "Tangram", which you, expensive dads can easily make themselves for their children. This game is often referred to as a "cardboard puzzle" or "geometric constructor". "Tangram" is one of the simple puzzles, which is under the power of the child from 3.5-4 years old, and complicating tasks, it can be interesting and useful and for children of 5-7 years.

How to make "tangram"?

Make a puzzle very simple. You need a square 8x8 cm. Cut it from cardboard, from a smooth ceiling tile (if left after repair) or from a plastic box from dvd films. The main thing is that this material is equally painted on both sides. Then the same square is cut into 7 parts. It must be: 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, square and parallelogram. Using all 7 parts, connecting them tightly to each other, you can create a lot of different figures according to the samples and on your own intention.

What is useful to the game of the child?

Initially, Tangram is a puzzle. It is aimed at the development of logical, spatial and constructive thinking, intelligence.

As a result of these game exercises and tasks, the child will learn to analyze simple images, to allocate geometric shapes in them, visually break the whole object on the part and, on the contrary, make a specified model from the elements.

So why start?

Stage 1.

First you can create images of two or three elements. For example, from triangles to make a square, a trapezium. The child can offer to calculate all the details, compare them in size, find triangles among them.

Then you can simply apply the details to each other and watch what happens: fungus, a house, a Christmas tree, a bow, sweetie, etc.

Stage 2.

A little later, you can move to the exercises for folding figures for a given example. In these tasks you need to use all 7 puzzle elements. Start better with the compilation of a hare is the simplest of the figures below.

Stage 3.

A more complex and interesting task for the guys is to recreate images on sample contours. This exercise requires visual membership of the form into components, that is, on geometric shapes. Such tasks can be offered to the guys 5-6 years.

This is already more complicated - the figures of the man running and sitting.

These are the most difficult figures in this puzzle. But having learned, think, and they will force your guys.

Here, children can collect images in their plans. The picture first thinks mentally, then the composite separate parts are collected, after that the whole picture is created.

Dear Pope, it is not necessary to spend money on expensive toys. Remember that the most expensive of all toys for a child can be the ones that you make for him yourself. And, of course, with whom they will play together.

More tasks with answers to a puzzle:

The following tools and accessories are necessary to organize classes: ruler, square, cigl, scissors, simple pencil, cardboard.

- "Tangram"

"Tangramm" is a simple game that will be interesting to children and adults. The success of the game in preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of the child. Children should know not only the names of geometric figures, but also their properties, distinctive features.

The square size is 100x100 mm, which is sealed on both sides with colored paper, is cut into 7 parts. As a result, 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, square and parallelogram are amplified. From the figures obtained are different silhouettes.

Pytagora puzzle

Square in size 7x7 cm cut into 7 parts. Of the figures obtained, the various silhouettes.

"Magic Circle"

The circle is cut on 10 parts. The rules of the game are the same as in other similar games: to use all 10 parts for the compilation of silhouette, without overlapping one is not another. The cut circle should be painted equally, on both sides.

Tangram (Kit. 七巧板, Pinyin Qī Qiǎo Bǎn, letters. "Seven skill skulls") - a puzzle consisting of seven flat figures that are folded in a certain way for obtaining another, more complex, shape (person depicting, animal, household goods, letter or digit, etc.). The figure that needs to be obtained is usually set as a silhouette or an external contour. When solving a puzzle, two conditions are required: first - it is necessary to use all the seven figures of Tangram, and the second - the figures should not be overlapped with each other.

Figures

The dimensions are relative to the large square, the parties and the area of \u200b\u200bwhich are taken equal to 1.

5 rectangular triangles

· 2 small (with hypotenuse, equal to both customs)

· 1 medium (hypotenuse and cathets)

· 2 large (hypotenuse and cathets)

1 square (with side)

1 parallelogram (with sides and corners and)

Among these seven parts, the parallelograms is allocated to the absence of a mirror symmetry (it only has a rotational symmetry), so that its mirror reflection can be obtained only by turning it over. This is the only part of the Tangram that is required to flip to fold certain shapes. When using a one-sided set (in which the figures are prohibited) there are figures that can be folded while their mirror reflection is impossible.

Pedagogical meaning of Tangram

Promotes development in children of skills to play according to the rules and perform instructions, visual-shaped thinking, imagination, attention, understanding of color, values \u200b\u200band shapes, perception, combinatorial abilities.

The author of the book, known to many readers in the press on the upbringing of children, talks about the experience and use in their family of educational games that allow us to successfully solve the task of developing the creative abilities of the child.

The book contains a description of games that are a kind of "mental gymnastics", a detailed description of the methods of their conduct and the method of manufacture.

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1. What are educational games?

Developing games of nikitins. Golden mean. Creators and performers. What games in Nikitina. How many games need to have? "Monkey"

Chapter 2. Small Pattern game

When and how to start. Hand drawn tasks. Errors, help and tips. Not only patterns. Same, not like that. The same color. Dimensions. Score. One, a lot, a few. Account in order. More, less, equally. As many. Guess how much. Count. The composition of the number. Get acquainted with a dozen. Get acquainted with numbers. Plus, minus, equal. Ponaroshka. We divide equally. Hyperships with a score. We train and remember. Orientation in space. Tracks and houses. Dictation cubes. We are looking for a treasure. Sequences. What changed? As it was? Perimeter and square. Figures and their parties. Acquaintance with perimeter. Acquaintance with the square. And perimeter, and area. Combinatorics Symmetry.

Chapter 3. Frames and Inserts Montessori

Acquaintance with the game. Learning to close the "windows". Close the "windows" yourself. We supply the frame and learn to paint. We supply the frame and play. Issue inserts. Pain. Stroke. "Find out the shape to the touch." Insert to the touch. Sort. Compare. Compliance. "Beads". "House". We train attentive care.

Chapter 4. "Unicubus", "Sveta Square" and other game sets "Unicub". "Mass Square".

Color, shape, size. Find a similar one. Corners. Length. What does it seem? Play in the "monkey". "Find a mistake." Purice figures. Reduced copy. Initial geometry. Fill the silhouette. What changed? As it was? Symmetry. "Bricks". "Cubes for all".

Chapter 5. And now attention! "Attention". "Attention! Guess-ka

Chapter 6. Plans and Cards

Puppet plans. Plan room and apartment. Plan for the smallest. Plan of surroundings. My city. Games with real geographic maps. Games with a map hanging on the wall. Games with a map lying on the floor. Card for pieces. Travel games. Game "I know!". Guess what it is?

Chapter 7. What time is it?

Acquaintance with the clock. Half an hour. How many? Five minutes. How to say? Schedule.

Chapter 8. Mathematics with Nikitin Games

"Fruit." Play with circles. Same and different. Large and small. From big to small. Play in the "monkey". As it was? Learn to count. Equally. The composition of the number. Get acquainted with fractions. Number and denominator. From the recording of the number - to the account in the mind. What part of color? How much is missing? Whole with half. Compare fractions. Not only fractions. And again symmetry. "Thermometer" and "nodules"

Bibliography applications.

Directly the text of the book takes 104 pages. The rest of the book of the application is the materials for games. Below the photo of individual pages of the book. For example, a page from the chapter "Pattern" and the page from the application to this game.

Photo Couples Pages from Heads "Froy" and "Frames and Inserts Montessori"

If you evaluate the book on the content and style of the presentation, I personally would put "5+".

As can be seen from the content, the books are considered techniques of playing with Nikitinsky games. Before buying this book, I had already a book Nikitina "Intellectual Games". Then I thought whether I needed another book if there was a source. Having bought a book, answered himself uniquely "yes", because

1. The book discusses not only games recommended by nikitin, but also other games invented by Lena Danilova. It turns out that, having several games, you can play for a long time and diverse.

2. Very useful applications. We ourselves so far only use applications to the game "Pattern". Start immediately draw up nikitin patterns is not so easy. An examples of drawings are given in the appendix starting from one cube and further on increasing complexity. There are applications and other games.

3. The book provides recommendations how to interest the child if it is impossible to play immediately (general recommendations are given, and on specific games). Not all children want to play according to the rules, and not all children are ready to show interest only at the sight of a new game, parents of such children will find a lot of useful advice in the book.

Tangles in Chinese is literally meaning as "seven ski skirts". It is believed that this is one of the most ancient puzzles in the history of human civilization, although for the first time about this intellectual game it was mentioned in the Chinese book during the reign of the seventh Manchurian Emperor of the state of the Qing, which rules under the motto "Jiazin is beautiful and joyful". And in the European vocabulary, the word "Tangram" first appeared in 1848 in the puzzler "Puzzles for teaching geometry" written by Thomas Hill, in the future president of Harvard University.

Classical tangram considered to be seven flat geometric shapes - two large, one medium and two small triangles, square and parallelogram. These figures are folded to obtain another, more complex, figures. Often these figures depict a person in various movements, any animal or subject, letter or digit. The figure you want to fold is set in the form of a silhouette or contour and the task to find a solution how to place geometric shapes included in the tangram so that it is desired.

When the Tangram's solution is required to comply with two conditions: the first - it is necessary to use all the seven figures of Tangram, and the second - the figures should not overlap with each other (overlapping on each other).

As you can see from the story, very distinguished and smart people attributed such a completely simple look at the decent close attention to the method of developing intelligence. Try and you - to buy tangram and fold several figures of these seven polygons.

In addition to this species, there are other types of tangramics. All of them are interesting and fascinating in finding a solution. Try yourself.

Puzzle "Tangram"

One of the most famous fans of Tangram is the world-famous writer and mathematician Lewis Carroll, the one humanity is obliged to appear a variety of adventures of the Girl Alice. He adored this game and often offered to his friends the tasks of the Chinese book with 323 tasks.

He also wrote the book "Fashion Chinese Puzzle", which argued that Napoleon Bonaparte, after his defeat and imprisonment on the island of Saint Helena, spent time for the tangram "Exercising his patience and resourcefulness." He had a classic set of this logical game from ivory and a book with tasks. Confirmation of this lesson Napoleon is in the book of Jerry Surokum "The Tangram Book".

An equally well-known amateur reflects the puzzle from the seven of the individual figures was Edgar Allan by. This popular writer of detective stories with interesting plots often solved the tasks of the puzzle "Tangram".

We only told about several well-known personalities who were passionate about this interesting logical game. We hope that buying a puzzle "Tangram" will now be more interesting. It is worth adding that the great diversity of possible figures from seven geometric shapes amazes - their several thousand, maybe you can add a few more to them.

Puzzle tangram "Stomakhion"(Archimedes game)

The great thinker and mathematician Archimedes mentions this logical task in its work, which is now named Palimiste Archimedes. It contains the same treatise "Stomakhion", which describes such a thing as absolute infinity, as well as on combinatorics and mathematical physics. About the whole that in the modern era is an important section of computer science.

There is an opinion that Archimeda made attempts to find out the number of combinations with which you can add from 14 segments of the perfect square. And only in 2003, with the help of a specially developed computer program, the American Bill Butler was able to calculate all possible solutions. The mathematician came to the conclusion that this whole game has 17152 combinations, and, provided that the square cannot rotate and it cannot be a mirror reflection, then the "total" 536 options.

Puzzle game "Stomakhion" is very similar to tanglers and the main difference is the number and form of elements, of which it consists. With all its allegedly, this logical game is worthy of attention. The ancient Greeks and Arabs attached great importance to tasks and training with its help.

In addition to the task of finding 536 options for the perfect square of Archimedes, this logic game proposes to fold various figures from its 14 geometric figures. Try folding the figures of man, animals and objects. This is not really an easy task as it may seem at first glance. Rules are simple: All elements of the STOMAHION puzzle can be rotated by any side and all of them must be used.

Puzzle games like both children and adults: they are fascinating, developing the intelligence and nonstandarity of thinking, raise self-esteem, do not require special knowledge. In addition, such games are an excellent replacement for electronic gadgets, capturing the time and mind of modern people. Perhaps one of the most famous puzzles is a tangram - cut for seven parts square. In today's article, we will consider the main aspects associated with this fascinating game: the history of the occurrence of Tangram, the rules of the game, the benefit for children's development and ways to make tanglers on their own.

Chinese Puzzle Game Tangram: Rules and History

Tangrams (from the Chinese "seven skulls") consists of seven flat figures, or tanov. They must be folded in a certain way to obtain a more complex figure depicting a person, an animal, a plant, an item, a figure, letter, etc. The conditions of the game are the use of all seven Tangram figures and no overlay between the figures. Starting the addition puzzle follows from finding the location of the largest triangle.

Tangram is considered an ancient game that has arisen more than 4,000 years ago. According to the legend, one person fell out of her hands and a porcelain tile crashed. It turned out 7 parts, and a frustrated person tried to quickly fold them again into a single whole, but the result was the appearance of a variety of figures. The lesson turned out to be very exciting, subsequently it turned into a game and found many fans.

Another beautiful legend tells about the battle of the God of Thunder and the Great Dragon. The God of Thunder broke the sky on the 7 parts, fallen to the ground. Black pieces absorbed the earthly light and all existing forms of objects. The dragon began to create various forms of animals, plants, a person from "Sky pieces".

However, despite the well-established idea of \u200b\u200bTangram as an ancient game, the earliest image of his shapes in the Chinese book dates back to 1813. Already at the beginning of the XIX century, thanks to the development of trade relations with China, this game has become popular in Europe and America. The oldest specimen of Tangram was donated to the son of American shipowner in 1802; It is made of ivory and stored in a silk case.

Fans of the game were, for example, Edgar Allan Prone and Lewis Carroll. In the library of the latter there was a book with 323 tasks for this puzzle.

How many figures in Tangram and what are they?

Tangles consists of 7 parts obtained as a result of a square cut. What figures are part of Tangram? These are 5 triangles (2 large, 1 medium and 2 small), parallelograms and square. From such a small number of parts, you can get a huge number of diverse figures - it is estimated that options more than 7000!

How to play tangram: rules

Tangram - the game is simple and infertility. Its rules are as follows:

From the details of Tangram, it is necessary to fold the image of an animal, person, subject, letters, numbers, geometric shape;
The collected figure should include all 7 parts of the Tangram;
Details should come into contact without overlapping each other;
The addition of the figure begins with the location of the large triangle.

The benefits of the educational tangram game

Despite the seeming simplicity, tangram is an excellent educational benefit. No wonder it is also called a split puzzle or geometric constructor. Collecting various figures from the details of Tangram, the child can learn a lot.

What develops tangram:

expigenous (like any other puzzle, tangram takes time);
attention, the ability to concentrate on the details;
imagination - the child imagines the final result and ways to achieve it;
logical thinking, as the child creates an integer out of parts, analyzes the options;
the ability to act according to the rules.

All these qualities and skills are important not only for learning, but also for life as a whole.

Tangram Material: Wooden, Magnetic, Cardboard, Plastic

Tangles can be made of different materials. The easiest option that is easy to do at home is a cardboard tangram. But, as you understand, he is the most fragile.

An excellent solution will be the acquisition or manufacture of wooden tangram at home. Durable, durable and eco-friendly, he will probably move from the current children to their own.

It is very convenient to play with magnetic tangram: you can make shapes on a special field where they will not go anywhere or overlap each other. It is quite simple to do at home from a special foam and magnets or a special magnetic tape (soft magnet).

Plastic tangramas strong enough and durable. You can do themselves too.

How to make tangram do it yourself?

It is not difficult to make tangles with your own hands. First decide on the material. At home, the easiest way to make cardboard, rubber (from porous rubber or foam) or magnetic tangram. You can also make tanglers from felt or office folder from hard plastic or very thick cardboard.

The scheme of any tangram looks like this:

Tangram size is your discretion. The child will probably be convenient to play with a puzzle with a square of 10-12 cm.

Cut the square from the selected material and draw it in accordance with the diagram (you can on the template, and it is possible without it). Initially, divide the square diagonal in half into two large triangles. Find the center of the square and the middle of the side of one of the large triangles. The second large triangle is divided by half, connecting the vertex of the direct angle with the square of the square. Another big triangle is drawn by the received points with the help of a square to the other shapes: a medium triangle, two small, square and parallelogram.

You can make all the details of the puzzle of the same color, but more interesting and more beautiful will create multi-colored, bright tangram. Purley the resulting parts (if they are necrotic or monophonic) on both sides with colored paper or film. If the child does tangram himself, if desired, it can paint each piece of pencils or felt-faucers.

For the manufacture of a wooden tangram, a thin plywood is best suitable. The workpiece will also need to spread and cut according to the scheme, and the resulting details coloring.

How to collect tangram?

You can acquaint a child with tangram already in 3-4 years. Start follows from explanation, as its details are called. The easiest option of the game is the folding of figures by contours drawn by elements. The child needs to find the outline of the desired figure and impose it from above. Later he learns to collect the compositions not over, and next to a sample figure, which will be different. In practice, the baby will gradually be able to move to the addition of figures, seeing only their outer contour, or will invent the shapes themselves.

You can play with the tangram one by one, and you can arrange competition between players.

As mentioned above, it is necessary to start the addition of Tangram with the location of a large triangle.

Below are some variants of the figures that can be collected from puzzle elements.

Tangram, like any other puzzle - a wonderful simulator for the development of logic and imagination. Its feature is simplicity and at the same time multifunctionality, because only 7 parts can be folded several thousand variants of figures! We hope that you and your child will appreciate this exciting game. Enjoy your leisure!