Presentation on the history of the emergence of paper banknotes. Presentation "history of money" Presentation on the topic of the emergence of money

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Economics presentation on the topic: “Money. The history of the emergence of money. Prepared by a student of 11 "A" class MOU secondary school No. 36 Kaliningrad Uldanov Vitaly

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Origin of money Rationalist conception of the origin of money as the result of an agreement between people who realized that special tools were needed to improve the conditions of exchange; The evolutionary-historical concept of the origin of money as a long historical process of development of economic cooperation, as a result of the development of the exchange process.

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Stages in the development of money The emergence of money with the performance of their functions by random goods Assignment to gold of the role of a universal equivalent Stage of transition to paper or credit money Gradual displacement of cash from circulation, as a result of which electronic types of payments appeared

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The essence of money is manifested through: General direct exchangeability Independent exchange value External material measure of labor

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Types of money commodity symbolic credit Gold and silver in copper and nickel checks and credit ingots and coins, coins and paper cards, as well as any money commodity in barter transactions

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Functions of money Money as a measure of value Money as a medium of exchange Money as a store of value Money as a means of payment Function of world money

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Money as a measure of value With the help of money, subjects measure and commensurate the value of all commodities The function of money is performed using a price scale Like gold, paper money is homogeneous

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Money as a medium of exchange Money acts as an intermediary in the endless process of commodity-money circulation Real money is needed to perform this function

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Money as a means of accumulation Money leaves the sphere of circulation and settles in home safes and bank accounts Gold and defective money act as a means of accumulation

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Money as a means of payment Money acts as a means of paying a debt when purchases and sales do not coincide in time and space Goods can be sold on credit. Credit transactions gave rise to bills and banknotes

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Functions of world money Money is used for international settlements Gold acts as world money

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Monetary theories metal nominalistic quantitative The prevailing doctrine is that money is created by an increase in the amount of mercantilism. Wealth by the state, the value of money in circulation was identified with money, does not contribute to the growth of money. And money - with a metallic content, the wealth of the country, precious metals and what is written on them, but only the rise in prices and, above all, gold, their face value for goods

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Components of the monetary system National currency in which the prices of goods and services are expressed The system of credit and paper money, various coins that are legal tender in cash circulation The money issuance system, that is, the legally fixed procedure for issuing money into circulation monetary circulation

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Types of money circulation systems Metal money circulation systems, when full-fledged gold or silver coins are in circulation, which perform all the functions of money, and credit money can be freely exchanged for monetary metal (in coins or ingots) Credit or paper money circulation systems that cannot be exchanged for gold, and the gold itself is forced out of circulation

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Material for money should have the following qualities: Stability. The value of money should be more or less the same today and tomorrow. Portability. Modern money should be small and light enough for people to carry around. Wear resistance. The selected material must be strong enough, have a significant "life expectancy". Therefore, in many countries only very high-class paper is used as money. Uniformity. Money of the same denomination must have equal value. Divisibility. One of the important advantages of money over barter is the ability to divide into parts. Recognition. Money should be easily recognizable, it should be difficult to counterfeit. The quality of the paper and the watermarks make counterfeiting very difficult.

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When issuing money into circulation: The structure of the money supply will change The composition and form of money will change But their volume remains unchanged.

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Summarizing all the above, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. In the economy of developed countries, money is essentially a debt obligation of the state, commercial banks and savings institutions. 2. These debts successfully function as money as long as their value or purchasing power is relatively stable. 3. The value of money is no longer based on a certain amount of precious metals, as it used to be, it is determined rather by the amount of goods and services that can be purchased on the market for money. 4. The responsibility of the state for stabilizing the value of the monetary unit implies the implementation of an appropriate policy 5. effective control over the money supply

HISTORY LESSON in 4th grade "HISTORY OF MONEY"

SKLYAROVA NATALIA ANATOLYEVNA

HISTORY OF MONEY

The first money was not at all like the one we are used to.

In some places, cattle was considered money; in others, salt, grain, tobacco, bird feathers, sea shells, copper bracelets, cotton fabrics, and even dried fish served as money.

HISTORY OF MONEY

In Mexico, the Indians used cocoa beans.

In Canada, in Siberia, in the forest regions of Russia - "fur" money - the skins of fur animals.

The natives of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean have cowrie shells. Shiny, light, durable, small, they appeared in many countries of Asia, Africa and Europe thanks to Arab merchants.

HISTORY OF MONEY

People tried a lot of "money" until they came to metal money. But we would not have recognized this money either: they were in the form of bars, rings, half rings, twigs, plates, ingots. They were made of silver, gold, copper.

Metal money could be easily divided by cutting off the necessary pieces, and, if necessary, again merged into a single ingot.

HISTORY OF MONEY (For the curious)

"Coin" is a Latin word. It appeared in ancient Rome. According to legend, the goddess Juno warned the Romans about earthquake –

canopy. As a sign of gratitude, they erected -

a temple and dedicated it JUNONE MONETE

"Moneo" - I warn, I warn .

MONEY IN RUSSIA

At first, our ancestors, as elsewhere, used cattle or furs as money, most often squirrels, sables, martens and other

"soft junk"

MONEY IN RUSSIA

The Russian word "pay" comes from the word « canvas." This is a reminder that a very labor-intensive fabric in some areas of Ancient Russia also played the role of money.

She knew Ancient Russia and cowrie shells. They were brought by overseas merchants who traded with Novgorod and Pskov. In Russia they were called "snake's head", and they served as a small bargaining chip.

MONEY IN RUSSIA

Russia developed its own monetary system.

The monetary unit was kuna (marten fur)

Nogaty - part of the skin, the paw of the animal.

25 kuna were one hryvnia .

MONEY IN RUSSIA

Hryvnia - a silver ingot;

takes its name from the neck, nape.

The hryvnia was called a neck decoration

MONEY IN RUSSIA

For smaller calculations, pieces of silver had to be cut off. These cut off pieces are called rubles . From them our currency got its name.

Rezans – trimmings of silver-

coins.

MONEY IN RUSSIA

Coins in Russia have been minted since the end of the 10th century. At the beginning of the XIII century, Russia suffered a big misfortune: the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols. Many cities were destroyed, trade stopped. Coinage ceased until the 14th century.

MONEY IN RUSSIA

Coinage resumed under the prince Dmitry Donskoy .

The silver coin of Dmitry Donskoy was called "money".

This name comes from the name

eastern coin "tanga".

MONEY IN RUSSIA

At Ivan the Terrible began to mint coins of the same type.

The coin depicts horseman with spear. They got the name "penny money". From them came the name "penny".

MONEY IN RUSSIA

The minting of new coins began Peter I . The coins acquired the correct round shape and the same thickness.

Under Peter I the decimal system was established in Russia:

10 kopecks = 1 dime

10 hryvnias = 1 ruble

Probably each of you dreams of collecting a collection of coins.(For the curious)

P A R T I M O N E T S(For the curious)

REVERSE

OBVERSE

GURT - edge, side of the coin

LEGEND - inscriptions on coins

PROVERBS ABOUT MONEY

There is no ruble without a penny.
Money without legs, and the whole world will bypass.
It is not easy to make money, but it is easy to live.
Tears flow through gold.
You can't buy mind with money.
Easy money does not live.
Health is more valuable than money.
Someone's ruble is crying, but my penny is jumping.
Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.

CROSSWORD "Items-Money"

Horizontally:

Vertically:

2) Home…..

5) Furs - soft ...

CROSSWORD "Items-Money"

Horizontally:

Vertically:

2) Home…..

5) Furs - soft ...

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Slides captions:

HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN OF MONEY Brief history of Russian money Neustroeva O.V.

SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, THE SLAVIANS HAVE USED VARIOUS OBJECTS FOR BUYING AND SELLING GOODS. ONE OF THE MOST COMMON FORMS OF MONEY IN ANCIENT RUSSIA WERE COWRY SHELLS.

In the VIII - IX centuries. DIRHEM APPEAR IN RUSSIA - LARGE SILVER COINS WITH ARABIC SIGNS. DIRHEMS WAS MINUTED IN THE ARAB CALIFATE, AND FROM THERE THE ARAB MERCHANTS BROUGHT THEM TO THE TERRITORY OF KIEVAN RUSSIA.

AT THE END OF THE 10TH CENTURY IN KIEVAN RUSSIA THE MINING OF OWN GOLD AND SILVER COINS BEGINS. SREBRENIK - THE FIRST RUSSIAN COIN. THE FIRST RUSSIAN COINS WERE SO CALLED ZLATNIK AND SREBRENIK.

AFTER Fragmentation, in the XII CENTURY, MONGOLO-TATARS ATTACKED RUSSIA. IN THE TREASURES OF THESE AGES, BAGS OF PRECIOUS METALS OF DIFFERENT FORMS ARE FOUND.

COINS OF THE PERIOD OF Fragmentation The first Russian ruble is an elongated bar of silver weighing approximately 200 grams, roughly chopped off at the ends. He was born in the XIII century. At that time, the ruble was equal to 10 hryvnia kunas. From here came the Russian decimal monetary system, which still exists today: 1 ruble = 10 hryvnias; 1 hryvnia = 10 kopecks.

COINS OF NOVGOROD-SEVERSKY PRINCIPALITIES

DIVISION OF THE RUBLE INTO SMALL MONEY. Only in the middle of the XIV century, dividing the ruble hryvnia into two parts, they received half, into four - quarters. Small coins were made from the ruble - money. To do this, the ruble hryvnia was pulled into a wire, chopped into small pieces, each of them was flattened and a coin was minted.

COINS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE Under Ivan III, Russia became a single state. Now every prince could not independently mint his own coins. The head of the state was the monarch, only he had the right to do so.

CREATION OF A SINGLE MONETARY SYSTEM. In 1534, during the reign of Elena Glinskaya, mother of Ivan the Terrible, a single monetary system was created for the entire state. On the money of small weight, made of silver, a rider with a sword was depicted. On money of large weight, also silver, a rider was depicted with a spear in his hands. They were called penny dengas. These were our first pennies. They were irregular in shape and the size of a watermelon seed. The smallest coin was "polushka". It was equal to a quarter of a penny (half money). Before Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, the year of issue was not put on Russian coins. This king was the first to stamp the date on a penny.

KOPEK OF THE TIMES OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE

GRADUALLY, RUBLE BAGS DISAPPEARED FROM CIRCULATION. MONEY IN RUSSIA COUNTED INTO RUBLES, BUT THE RUBLE AS A COIN DID NOT EXIST, THE RUBLE REMAINED ONLY A CONDITIONAL UNIT OF ACCOUNTS. Trial ruble Alexei Mikhailovich

COINS OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA IN MARCH 1704, ON THE DECREE OF PETER I, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN RUSSIA, SILVER RUBLE COINS BEGAN TO BE MADE. SIMULTANEOUSLY, THEY RELEASED 50, HALF 50, HUME EQUAL TO 10 KOPEKS, A PIECE WITH THE SIGN "10 MONEY" AND ALTYN. Altyn

ALTYN The name "altyn" is Tatar. Alti means six. The ancient altyn was equal to 6 dengas, the Petrovsky altyn - 3 kopecks. Silver is many times more expensive than copper. For a copper coin to be as valuable as a silver coin, it must be made very large and heavy. Since there was a shortage of silver in Russia, Catherine I decided to make just such copper money. It was calculated that the ruble coin should have a weight of 1.6 kilograms.

OBEYING THE ROYAL ORDER, THE COINERS MADE A COPPER RUBLE. THIS IS A LARGE QUADRANGULAR PLATE, 20 CENTIMETERS WIDTH AND LONG. IN EACH CORNER OF IT IS A CIRCLE WITH THE IMAGE OF THE STATE EMBLEM, AND IN THE MIDDLE THE SIGN: "PRICE RUBLE. 1726. YEKATERINBURG". KOPEK OF THE TIMES OF PETER I

IN EXCEPT TO THE RUBLE, FIFTY AND HALF 50 AND HRYVNA WERE ISSUED. THEY ALL HAD THE SAME SHAPE AND WERE MANUFACTURED AT THE YEKATERINBURG MINT. THIS MONEY DID NOT EXIST FOR A LONG TIME. THEY WERE VERY INCOMFORTABLE. HALF 50

UNDER ELIZAVETH PETROVNA A NEW GOLD COIN OF 10 RUBLES WAS ISSUED. IT WAS CALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE IMPERIAL TITLE OF THE QUEEN IMPERIAL. THERE WAS ALSO A SEMI-IMPERIAL - A COIN OF 5 RUBLES. Gold coin - Imperial

MONETARY SYSTEM Until the end of the 19th century, the Russian monetary system remained almost unchanged. By the end of the 19th century, Russia, like other countries, introduced gold money into circulation. The main currency was the ruble. It contained 17.424 parts of pure gold. But it was a "conditional ruble", there was no gold ruble coin. The imperial, the ten-ruble coin and the five-ruble coin were minted. Ruble coins were made from silver, 50, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 kopecks.

THE APPEARANCE OF PAPER MONEY Catherine II carried out the Minich project: instead of bulky copper money, in 1769 she issued paper banknotes in denominations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 rubles.

THE BEGINNING OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM OF THE USSR In August 1914, the world war began. Inflation has set in. In 1915, even the copper coin disappeared. Only paper money remained in circulation. In the same year, the last royal ruble was minted.

IN THE MIDDLE OF 1917, NEW MONEY APPEARED. THESE WAS KERNKI MADE ON BAD PAPER, WITHOUT NUMBERS AND SIGNATURES, IN DUENESS OF 20 AND 40 RUBLES. THEY WERE RELEASED IN UNCUT SHEETS, THE SIZE OF A NEWSPAPER.

STRENGTHENING OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM IN 1922 THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT ISSUED SPECIAL BANK TICKETS - "Chervonets".

STRENGTHENING OF THE MONEY SYSTEM In 1923, another step was taken towards strengthening the monetary system: banknotes of the newly created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were issued. 1 ruble in these signs was equal to 1 million rubles issued before 1922, and to 100 rubles in 1922 money. In 1924, state treasury notes were issued in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 rubles.

PAPER RUBLE 1924

SILVER 50, 20, 15 AND 10 KOPEKS APPEARED. 5, 3, 2 AND 1 KOPEK CHANGING COIN WAS MADE FROM COPPER. IN 1925 THEY MADE A COPPER "POLOSHKA". IT EXISTED UNTIL 1928. IN 1931 SILVER CHANGING COINS WERE REPLACED WITH NICKEL COINS. Copper "half"

THE MONEY REFORM OF 1961 GAINED EVEN MORE IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE RUBLE AFTER THE MONEY REFORM OF 1961. FIVE KOPEKS 1961

MONETARY SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIA IN 1991-1993 in connection with political and inflationary processes, the collapse of the USSR and the formation of the CIS, individual denominations of bank notes of the USSR were replaced.

ON JANUARY 1, 1998 IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION THE MONEY REFORM (1000-FOLD DENOMINATION OF THE RUBLE) STARTED. Coins of the 1997 sample were put into circulation. In denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 kopecks and 1, 2, 5 rubles, 10, 50, 100 and 500 rubles.

"ISSUE 2001". In 2001, modified banknotes in denominations of 10, 50, 100, 500 rubles were put into circulation, the banknotes bear the designation: "Issue of 2001". In 2004, they developed banknotes of a higher denomination. They were banknotes of 1000 and 5000 rubles of the 2004 sample.

MODERN MONEY SIGNS

THANKS FOR ATTENTION.

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History of money

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Target
Studying the history of the emergence of money to form students' interest in history and their past.

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Relevance
The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that money is the most important attribute of the economy. The stability of the country's economic development largely depends on how the monetary system functions. The study of the nature of the origin and types of money, their main functions, the role of money in the country's economy is necessary to understand the functioning of the entire financial system.

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Tasks
Reveal the prerequisites for the appearance of money Consider the history of the appearance of money in Russia Determine the "place" of money in the modern world Analyze and summarize the knowledge gained

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Catalog of Internet resources
https://ru.wikipedia.org - a multilingual project, a complete encyclopedia in all languages of the Earth http://fb.ru - an information portal where full-fledged articles are published, divided into categories (economics, science, business, etc.) http: //infourok.ru - information portal containing a library of methodological materials (presentations, abstracts, video lessons) http://dic.academic.ru - dictionaries and encyclopedias on various topics http://www.money-gain.ru - information portal in world of money

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Event plan
Goal setting, definition of lesson objectives What is money? How money appeared: the concept of “money” is defined, the main functions of money are considered The history of the emergence of money in Russia, the beginning of the production of coins: the origins of the first money and their varieties are determined USSR Types of money in the modern world: the main types of modern money are determined, as well as the possibility of determining the authenticity of money Summing up: based on the event considered, a general conclusion is formulated on the lesson

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What is money?
Money is a specific commodity that is the universal equivalent of the value of other goods or services.
Functions of money
Instrument of payment
world money
Means of savings and accumulation
medium of exchange
The measure of value

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The measure of value
The measure of value is formed when the price is formed; it determines the value of the goods, which is measured in money (ie, equating goods to each other). Thus, a quantitative comparison is obtained. The monetary measurement of value is the price.

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medium of exchange
The monetary expression of the value of goods does not yet mean its realization. There must be an exchange. Money - intermediaries in the exchange from the beginning of the transaction to its completion.

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Instrument of payment
It includes the function of the means of exchange and is transformed into the function of the means of settlement. This is facilitated by the use of plastic cards and other electronic payment instruments that allow paying by transfer from a bank account, as well as making wholesale and retail purchases.

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means of accumulation
Cash reserve (account balances, gold and foreign exchange reserves). Money, which performs the function of accumulation, participates in the process of formation, distribution, redistribution of the national income, and the formation of the population's savings.

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world money
Used in international payments. In a modern developed economy, there are three functions of money - a measure of value, a means of accumulation and a means of payment, and the medium of circulation remains very small.

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How did money come about?
Market relations began to take shape as early as the 7th-8th millennium BC. At that time, primitive people exchanged excess products with each other, and the proportions were established depending on the circumstances. With the advent of the social division of labor, barter gradually became uncomfortable, and our ancestors began to use various objects as money.

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The history of the emergence of money in Russia
Kuns In ancient Russia, kuns were in circulation - leather money. It was the skin of a marten, hence the name.
Hryvnias In Kievan Rus, the minting of coins began under Prince Vladimir, but very soon ceased. The first coins of Russia - hryvnia, a small oblong ingot of silver.

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Start of coin production
At the end of the X century. in Kievan Rus begins minting their own coins of gold and silver. The first Russian gold coin was called zlatnik (zolotnik). On this ancient Russian coin with inscriptions in the Slavic language, Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich and the family coat of arms of the Rurikovich were depicted.
The first silver coin in Russia was srebrenik (silver coin). For the minting of silver coins, silver coins of the Arab states were used. Chasing took place in Kyiv itself, under Prince Vladimir. The inscription on the coins of Prince Vladimir (980 - 1015) read: "Vladimir is on the table, and behold his silver"

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The evolution of banknotes in Russia
The first paper banknotes appeared under the rule of the Russian Empress Catherine II in 1769. They were very similar to bank receipts and were used to pay the salaries of officials. Although the bills were watermarked, numbered and texted, the print quality was poor, so counterfeiters were comfortable counterfeiting them.

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The evolution of banknotes in Russia
It was necessary to replace all issued banknotes with more reliable ones, which is why after the war with Napoleon the history of money changed again. A new type of money appeared in 1818. They were decorated with ornaments in the Empire style and engravings. The year 1897 is characterized by the stability of the financial system, because paper money was easily exchanged for gold coins.

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Monetary policy in the USSR
Gold monometallism existed in our country until 1914. After the outbreak of the First World War, banknotes were issued to cover the deficit of the state budget, which could not be exchanged for the precious metal. All types of coins completely went out of circulation, remaining the property of the population, but in Soviet times they again became a means of exchange. In 1922-1944, silver items (denominations of 10, 15, 50 kopecks, 1 ruble) and copper (1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks) were produced.