Geography lesson “Conditional colors of the physical map of the hemispheres. What color do plains and mountains represent on a physical map

What is indicated in green on the plan and on the physical map? and got the best answer

Answer from YaisiyaKonovalova[guru]
2.) on a physical map, green indicates low areas of the earth's surface
4) on the plan, forests are indicated in green.
On the terrain plan, rivers and lakes are shown in blue water, and forests in green - the color of vegetation. Fields, gardens - - there is no special sign, therefore such areas are left white on the plan. The sign of the bows resembles grass stalks. The sands are shown as brown dots. Small streams, roads, narrow streets are depicted with conventional signs in the form of lines. Such symbols are generally accepted. They are used on all terrain plans.

Answer from Yatiana Dovbyalik[active]
I advise you to read carefully! !
Mountains are large, narrow, elongated sections of the surface of the lithosphere, rising above the adjacent plains by more than 500 m.
Since mountains are part of the relief, let's agree what we mean by relief. Relief - a set of irregularities in the surface of the lithosphere.
I show the participants a physical map of Russia in an atlas and ask them to answer the question: “What is shown on it in colors?” . Answer: Relief. Please remember the answer for later discussion.
To the question: “What color are the mountains shown on the map?” , I hear: "Brown or various shades of brown." It is accepted as incorrect. So the answer is completely or partially incorrect. Please find the New Siberian Islands on the map and see what is located to the north of them. It turns out - the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean.
I ask: “The ridge is the mountains?” , "Are they shown in brown?" . No, light blue. “Which question was answered: the one posed or another?” . It turns out that they answered the question: “What color are mountains shown on land?” .
Correct answer: “On the land of this map, the mountains are marked with various shades of brown, and in the water area (seas and oceans) - from white to light blue.”
To the question - “What color on land maps show the plains? "- I get the answer: "Green". The answer is also not accepted.
To reasonably answer this question, you need to know the content of the concept of "plain". Plains are large, oval-shaped areas of the lithosphere surface with minor irregularities up to 500 m. According to the absolute marks of the terrain, they are distinguished among them.
1) up to 200 m - lowlands, painted in dark green;
2) from 200 to 500 m - green plains with elevations up to 500 m;
3) over 500 m to 4-5 km - plateaus, plateaus, highlands.
The highest altitude plain on Earth is the Tibetan Plateau with heights of 4-5 km. On the map, the Tibetan Plateau is shown in dark brown, and the Central Siberian Plateau is shown in light brown, because its height is 800-1000 m. average - 1000 m.
I repeat my first question:
"What is shown by the colors on the physical map?" . After a short meeting of the participants, I hear in response: "Absolute marks of the terrain, but not the relief." To do this, the map is accompanied by a scale of depths and heights in meters. If the terrain were reflected, the land plains would be depicted as areas of a solid green color, and the mountains as elongated areas of brown without any shades.

Topic: Conditional colors of the physical map.

Goals: - introduce students to the conditional colors of a physical map;

Develop map reading skills using conditional colors;

To consolidate the concepts of "plan", "map", "scale";

Correction and development of visual-figurative thinking, when working with

card;

Developing the ability to answer full, detailed statements to the questions of the teacher.

Equipment : physical map of Russia, textbooks, workbooks, cards with individual tasks, presentation for the lesson.

New concepts : conditional colors of the physical map;

The elevation scale of the area from sea level.

During the classes.

Organizational moment.

In order for you to remember what topic we studied in the last lesson, you will have to solve riddles:

There are fields - you can’t plow,

There are roads, you can't drive.

There is no water in the rivers and seas,

What is it and where it happens, give an answer.

With K I'm at school on the wall,

Mountains, rivers are on me,

I won’t hide from you -

I am also at school.

Okay, well done!

Yes, in the last lesson we got acquainted with the plan and the map.

Activating students' knowledge: now attention to the screen.

1. What images of the earth's surface exist? (slide 2) answers.

2. What is a site plan? Answer. Checking(slide 3) - read

3.What is a card? Answer. Checking(slide 4) .- read.

4. Globe - what is it? Answer. Checking(slide 5) - read.

5. What is depicted on the terrain plan? Answer. Checking(slide 6). - read.

6. And what is depicted on the cards? Answer. Checking(slide 7).

7. What are the cards according to their purpose? Answer. We check.

(slides 8-12)

7. Is the scale on the ground plan and map the same? Answer.

8. What is the scale? Answer. Checking(slide 13) read.

Practical task: On the physical map p.10, use the scale to find the distance between the cities that are encrypted. When you decipher the names of the cities, what will you do next? Measure the distance, what's next? Good. We found the scale on page 11 at 1cm 250 km. How do we know what is the distance between cities. That's right, you need to multiply the received cm by 250 km. Answers: from Magadan to Moscow - from Yakutsk to Magadan - from Yakutsk to Moscow -

Good.

Learning new material:

When working with a physical map, you probably noticed that the map is painted in different colors. And who knows what the concept of "conditional colors of a physical map" means? Answers.(slide 14). What are the conditional colors found on the map? Answers.

Our planet has an uneven surface. On land, lowlands, uplands, plains, mountains are distinguished.

A physical map is a geographical map that depicts the surface of the land, seas, oceans.

Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes on a physical map indicateblue in different shades.The deepest parts of the oceans are markeddark blue.

The surface of the land is indicated by different conditional colors, depending on the height of the area.(slide 15)

Terrain elevation is measured from ocean or sea level.(slide 16)

On a physical map, there is a scale of heights and a scale of depths, by which one can determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean.

Exercise: the first group - you need to take cards with any color and match them with the text on the board. The second group - you need to take cards with a hint and match their colors with a geographical map. Good.

Working with the textbook p.83 we read, we answer the questions:

1.What is a physical map?

2. How are different forms of the Earth's surface indicated on physical maps?

3. Why do we need a scale of heights and depths on a physical map? Well done!

Working with the map: - find the mountains on the map. Read what they are called.

Find on the map large plains, lowlands. Read their names;

Find the sea on which the city, Magadan, is located, read its name.

Consolidation.

1. Work in workbooks p.32 task 1, 2,3, 4.

Lesson summary: How do physical maps indicate different shapes of the Earth's surface? Answer. Checking(slide 17).

Y/Z pp.83-85 Question No. 5

Lesson grades.

Thanks everyone.

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Conditional colors of the physical map

What images of the earth's surface exist?

A plan is a drawing of a small piece of land.

A map is a reduced image of the earth's surface, made using conditional colors and symbols.

Globe - volume reduced model of the globe.

The plan depicts small areas of the terrain - a city, a village, a field, a forest, etc.

Large areas of land and water bodies are marked on maps.

According to their purpose, cards are different: physical; geological; political; economic; administrative; natural zones.

Administrative map of the region

Physical map of the hemispheres

economic map

Scale is a number that shows how many times the distances on the ground are reduced when depicted on the plan.

With the help of conditional colors on a physical map show the shape of the Earth's surface. Using a scale of heights and depths on a physical map, you can determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean.

Conditional colors of the physical map.

The elevation scale of the area from sea level.

The shapes of the earth's surface on a physical map are shown using color. Green indicates low places - lowlands, yellow - hills, brown - mountains. Water bodies (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes) are marked in blue and blue.

If cartographers didn't use different colors for marks on maps, then they (maps) would be gray and boring, wouldn't they? The colors on them are actually more than just colors. It is amazing to me that each shade has its own meaning and its own purpose!

What do all cards have in common?

Some colors are usually used in a certain meaning, regardless of which card it is. They are recognizable by any student and understandable to absolutely everyone.

For example, on a political, physical, and on any other map, no one dares to mark mountains or deserts in blue.

Colors on the physical map

We can say that the physical map is used most often: in geography lessons, while planning an incredible trip to a new country, etc. The meanings of the colors on it are quite logical and clear. It will be clear to any child and adult that green is forest, brown is mountains, white is ice, and yellow is desert.

In this kind of map, hue matters a lot. The darker the brown, the higher the mountain. For example, the surface of the Himalayas, the Andes, or the Cordillera Mountains is distinguished on the map by the darkest shades of brown.

The darker the blue color on the map, the deeper the bottom in the pond. An example is the Mariana Trench. Accordingly, if a reservoir has a light blue color on the map, then it is completely shallow.

How colors are used in other maps

It is already clear that colors can be used in different ways, depending on which type the desired card belongs to. They can perform the following functions:

in political maps, colors are most often needed to clearly highlight the boundaries between countries;
on maps of climatic zones, different climatic zones are shown in different colors;
the colors on the time zone map are also used to highlight the boundaries between zones.

Based on this, we can draw the following conclusion: if we are talking about the colors used in the fill (when some area, for example, a country, is painted over with a certain shade), then the main purpose of using color is to draw clear boundaries between countries, regions, belts and zones .

Colors play a really meaningful role in maps. They not only make the image more aesthetic, but also contain useful information, and also help to easily navigate the map.

Looking at maps is quite interesting. Moreover, they are diverse. At school we had large wall maps, atlases and contour maps. I always liked to find on the maps all sorts of mountains and seas, rivers and plains.

Shades of blue on a geographical map always denote one thing - water.

What do we have in nature blue? That's right: sky and water. But why is the sky on the maps? So, they denote all kinds of water bodies. What applies to them? That's what:

oceans and seas;
straits and bays;
bays and estuaries;
lakes and rivers;
reservoirs and swamps (shown as thin broken lines on the maps).

It is very comfortable. You can immediately see where the water is. There are more blue colors on the maps, since land still occupies a smaller part of our planet. Moreover, if rivers and lakes are painted with the same color, then the oceans and even large seas have different shades of blue. This is done in order to immediately focus on depth. The bluer the color on the map, the greater the depth of the reservoir in this place. Even just looking at a geographical map, you can imagine where it is deeper.

Even on maps with a large scale (with a large decrease in the Earth), it is simply impossible to reflect all their depths on small objects (on rivers, lakes), and there is no need for this. But on topographic maps of the area (where the scale is small and size allows), depths are sometimes distinguished with more saturated shades of blue or conditional blue lines.

Shades of blue on vintage maps

Not always the water on the maps was drawn in blue. In ancient maps, the seas and oceans were simply not painted over. And the rivers were drawn in some other color: brown, black, green... .

In ancient times, people simply did not highlight the color blue. It was as if he didn't exist. Some nations did not even have such a word for "blue". And there is not much blue in nature. Therefore, apparently, it appeared, as a color, much later than other colors. Only after that, on geographical maps, they began to draw water in shades of blue.

It's good that he still appeared this blue color. After all, it is much more convenient when the water is blue, the earth is brown, and the vegetation is green.

Kart? All this will be discussed in our article.

The geographic map is...

The map is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. Initially, they were carved on stones, rocks and cave walls. These were primitive drawings of the terrain of primitive people. One of the oldest maps is dated by scientists to the seventeenth millennium BC. And it was not a map of the starry sky. Vega, Altair, Deneb and some other bright stars of the sky were marked on it.

Similar land maps were created by ancient Greek explorers and travelers - Strabo, Anaximander, Hecateus, Ptolemy and others. Cartography developed unusually rapidly in the XIV-XVI centuries, in the so-called era of the Great Geographical Discoveries. At this time, portolans were created - sea plans that describe in detail the waters of the Black and Mediterranean Seas, as well as the western coasts and northern coasts of Europe.

The geographical map at the present time absolutely does not lose its value and relevance. In the 21st century, it becomes not only the result, but also an important tool for many scientific studies and research. Maps are widely used in geology, urban planning, meteorology, agriculture and other areas of human activity. She is also studying school geography (grade 6).

A geographic map is a model of the earth's surface reduced by hundreds or thousands of times, created using a system of special signs. Almost all schoolchildren look at these colorful sheets of paper with great interest in the classroom. And many of them have legitimate questions: what is shown in brown on the map? What about other colors and shades? Next, we will talk in detail about the conventional signs of modern maps. But first you need to find out what types of them generally exist?

Varieties of geographical maps

Geographic maps are classified according to scale, territorial coverage, purpose and content. According to their purpose, they can be:

educational;
reference;
scientific;
tourist;
sports;
navigation, etc.

By scale, all maps are divided into small-, medium- and large-scale, and by content - into general geographical and thematic. General geographic maps display many natural and public objects: relief, vegetation, hydrography, cities and villages, roads, etc. Thematic maps display individual objects (phenomena) of nature, the economy, or the social sphere.

What is shown in brown on the map?

The surface of our planet is not uniform. About 70% of its area is occupied by seas and oceans, and on land there are plateaus and mountains. How is all this displayed on general geographical maps?

All kinds of water bodies (rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs, etc.) are indicated in blue. And this is quite logical. But the surface of the land is decorated with a variety of shades: from dark green to brown. What is shown in brown on the map?

The choice of color depends on the absolute height of the particular area in meters (above sea level). A green tint indicates lowlands and plains (up to 200 meters in height), yellow - hills (from 200 to 500 meters), and brown - mountainous regions (over 500 meters).

Ways to designate relief on maps

The designation of the relief on the map can be carried out in two main ways:

with the help of flowers;
using horizontal lines.

The color mode was described in detail in the previous section. It is used, as a rule, in the preparation of general geographical (physical) maps. In addition to colors, such maps usually mark individual points of the terrain and indicate their absolute height. These can be the highest mountain peaks or, conversely, the lowest depressions in a particular area.

By color, you can determine not only the height of the earth's surface, but also the depth of the seas and oceans. Colors are used to indicate depths on maps. The more saturated the shade, the deeper the bottom is at a particular point.

Each physical map is necessarily accompanied by a scale of heights and depths. From it, you can approximately determine the height of the terrain or the depth of the ocean.

The second way to depict the relief involves the use of special lines - contour lines. It is mainly used in the preparation of topographic maps and terrain plans.

Topographic map and its features

Universal maps of a large scale, which depict the terrain in detail, are called topographic. With their help, you can get a fairly detailed idea of a particular territory.

All topographic maps are divided into four categories based on scale:

large-scale (1:500,000 and larger);
medium-scale (1:200,000, 1:100,000);
small scale (1:50,000, 1:10,000);
area plans.

The most detailed objects of the area are displayed on topographic plans, which have a scale of 1:5000 (most often). They can show individual buildings, trees, stones, churches, etc. Another distinctive feature of the terrain plans is that they do not take into account the curvature of the Earth's surface.

Conventional signs of geographical maps and plans of the area

When compiling topographic maps and terrain plans, a set of certain conventional symbols is used. With their help, a qualitative and quantitative characteristic of natural objects, social phenomena is given. What are the conventional signs of geographical maps? 4 of their types are distinguished by modern topographers. It:

Large-scale.
Linear.
Off-scale.
Explanatory signs.

With the help of scale signs, those objects and objects that can be expressed on the scale of the map are displayed. It can be a forest, a field, quarters of cities, etc. Off-scale conventional signs look like small figures or graphic drawings. They allow you to display objects that are too small on the map (for example, a tree, a stone, a coal mine, or a monastery). With the help of linear signs, extended objects are displayed - roads, borders, power lines (power lines). Explanatory conventional graphic designations serve to additionally characterize certain objects of the area.

In total, there are about two hundred conditional topographic signs. The figure below shows just a few of them. Here, for example, you can see what the symbol for sand, forest, lake, ravine or bridge looks like.

The image of the relief on topographic maps

As mentioned above, on topographic maps, the terrain is displayed using the so-called contour lines. These are conditional lines connecting points of the earth's surface with the same height. Contours are drawn at intervals of 10, 20 or 50 meters. But it all depends on the scale of the map: the larger it is, the more detailed the local relief can be shown. You can see what the horizontal lines look like in the figure below.

Horizontals are usually gray or pale brown. In places where these lines break, their absolute height is indicated. In addition, individual points are often marked on geographical maps, signing their exact height above sea level. These can be individual mountain peaks or objects that serve as clear landmarks in the area.

Learning to "read" the terrain on the map is easy. The density and number of applied contour lines directly depends on the degree of dissection of the earth's surface. The closer these lines are located to each other on the map, the steeper the slope on the ground. However, the best way to learn how to read a topographic map is to take it with you on a hike or trip.

Depiction of vegetation and landscapes on maps

Landscapes, vegetation and soil cover are also shown in some detail on the maps. At the same time, topographers use about 50 special signs.

Green spots and belts that can be seen on almost any topographic map are nothing but forests. Forest boundaries are displayed as dotted lines. Additional characteristics of a particular forest are indicated using off-scale and explanatory signs.

Swamps on the maps are indicated by horizontal blue stripes. Moreover, if these strips are continuous, then the swamp is impassable, and if they are interrupted, then they are passable. Sands appear as random brown dots.

There are special symbols for designating vineyards, fruit and berry orchards, shrubs, woodlands, rice fields, tea plantations and other forms of vegetation.

Conclusion

Now you know what is shown on the map in brown, what is green, and what is blue. The choice of color depends on the height of the terrain. So, the lowlands are indicated in green, the hills are yellow, and the mountain systems are brown. On topographic maps, the relief of the earth's surface is displayed differently - with the help of contour lines.