Monitoring displacements and deformations of the earth's surface and structures. Animated map of weather phenomena - cloudiness, precipitation Vnukovo MMR data

Glossary

The first radars supplied to meteorologists after the war could only detect hazardous cumulonimbus clouds. It took several decades to modernize them and develop measurement circuits that could extract information not only from the height of the radio echo, but also from the results of signals reflected from clouds. The ability to observe the occurrence of dangerous phenomena, calculate their speed and direction of movement for a long time allowed MRL to take a leading position in storm warning.

For 60 years now, weather radar has been an indispensable device for detecting phenomena that accompany convective clouds - thunderstorms, hail, showers, squalls.

Meteorological incoherent radars determine HH (hazardous phenomena) by indirect signs - measurements of the height of the upper limit of the radio echo and the reflectivity of cumulonimbus clouds, and make decisions using radar hazard criteria.

The radar interferometry method is indispensable for the timely detection of shifts of the earth's surface over areas of underground mining, mapping deformations of the sides and benches of quarries, as well as for monitoring natural and man-made displacements and deformations of structures.

Radar interferometry detects the slightest displacements - down to a few millimeters, minimizes the risk of emergency situations and significantly reduces their possible consequences.

The main advantage of radar interferometry is the independent remote assessment of changes over the entire area of the image. For the calculation, an array of satellite radar data obtained at intervals of up to 8 times a month is used.

Radar monitoring of displacements and deformations takes place in two stages:

1. Planning and ordering target multi-pass radar space survey.

At this stage, it is necessary to obtain an initial dataset of radar observations - 30 radar surveys for 30 different dates.

Radar data can be collected over 5–6 months (for monitoring intense displacements of up to 1 meter per year, the period from April to October is ideal) or over several years (suitable for monitoring in cities where displacements are not too intense).

2. Interferometric processing of multi-pass radar space survey data.

At this stage, maps of displacements and deformations of the earth's surface and structures are calculated from the array of initial radar observation data.

As a result, the customer receives maps recording changes in the earth's surface and structures as of each survey date in vector and raster formats, accompanied by technical reports. Additionally, maps of vertical and horizontal displacements can be calculated, and area data processing can be performed using the SBas method, resulting in raster displacement files and displacement isolines.

Permanent diffusers in the center of Astana. Stable buildings of the House of Ministries (center), the Supreme Court (top left), the parliamentary complex and the presidential administration (high-rise buildings in the background) and the residence of the President of Kazakhstan (in the background). The reflectors along the embankment are also stable.

An example of monitoring displacements of the earth's surface in the area of a gas field and a groundwater field. Based on the results of a 30-pass survey of this area over 6 months (frame area 40×40 km), 5,000,000 points were identified - permanent scatterers of the radar signal, for each of which the displacements for each survey date relative to the date of the first survey were known.

Fragment of a raster map of displacements of the earth's surface in color coding. In pixel - the displacement values of the earth's surface in millimeters. Negative values correspond to subsidence, positive values correspond to uplift. Displacement isolines are drawn across pixels with equal displacement values.

Successful projects of the Sovzond company using the radar interferometry method:

Animated map of events over the last 3 hours.

Daily updated map of weather phenomena based on data from radar systems of the observation network of Roshydromet, Ukraine and Belarus. Animation (animated map) current data radar observations for ETR → weather phenomena for the last 3 hours (see almost in real time). If the map does not load here, then “click” on the link
» animated map of weather phenomena for the last 3 hours
Another “MORE VISUAL” animated map of all weather phenomena in the European territory of Russia (ETR) in real time
» animated map of DMRL weather phenomena for the last 3 hours

Above was, so to speak, a “global” map of weather phenomena, including the entire European territory of Russia.
Now go to the map at another URL » DMRL map

There will be highlighted areas on this map gray color and, when hovered over, the cursor should change.
If the location you are interested in falls into such places on the map, then you can get acquainted with it in more detail. current weather phenomena in this region (the date and time of the image will be at the top).
On the “DMRL map”, set the “cursor” to the desired city or any selected place, click on it with the left mouse button (see the figure on the left).
For clarity, below is a screenshot of the map, i.e. what image you will receive.
In the picture you will find all the symbols of weather phenomena, etc.

Department of Experimental Atmospheric Physics

abstract

On the topic : Weather radar stations

Completed by: student of MP-480 group

Poteryayko E. V.

Saint Petersburg

2012

SECTION 1. METEOROLOGICAL RADAR MRL-5……………………………3

Purpose of the station and principle of operation………………………………………………………..3

Schematic diagram of MRL-5………………………………………………………………………………5

Main technical data of MRL-5…………………………………………………………....6

Antenna-waveguide system………………………………………………………………………………7

Transmitting device………………………………………………………………………………9

Receiver………………………..………………………………………………………..9

Indicating device………………………………………………………………………10 SECTION 2.OBTAINING PRIMARY INFORMATIONRADAR

OBSERVATIONS IN NEAR AND FAR AREAS…………………………………….12

Section 4. Automated meteorological

RADAR COMPLEX “METEO CELL ………………………………….. 17

Weather radarMRL-5.

1.Purpose of the station and principle of operation.

The MRL-5 weather radar is a specialized storm warning and hail protection radar designed to solve the following tasks:

detection and determination of the location of sources of thunderstorms, hail and rainfall within a radius of 300 km;

 determining the horizontal and vertical extent of meteorological formations, the direction and speed of their movement;

 determination of the upper and lower boundaries of clouds of any shape;

 measurements of the average radio echo power of meteorological targets.

selection of radio echoes of meteorological objects against the background of interfering signals reflected from local objects;

 ensuring hail protection, that is, detection and localization of hail foci in clouds (measuring their coordinates and determining their physical characteristics)

MRL-5 two-wave high-potential weather radar. Available in two modifications: mobile - MRL-5A, stationary - MRL-5B. In its mobile version, MRL-5 is created on the basis of a specialized trailer PAU-1, divided into two compartments: indicator (warm) and transmitter-receiver (cold). The system antenna is installed on the trailer roof under the windproof shell.

In the stationary version, the MRL is located on the second floor of a standard building for MRL-5 or on the top floor in two isolated rooms.

The station's operation is based on the pulsed radar method.

The transmitting device generates powerful short pulses of microwave electromagnetic energy, which enter the antenna along waveguide paths. The radiation of electromagnetic energy into space is produced by the antenna in the form of a narrow, highly directional beam. If the emitted signal, propagating in space, encounters obstacles in its path in the form of local objects, clouds and other meteorological formations, then it is reflected in different directions from the object, including in the direction of the MRL. The reflected pulses are received by the same antenna and are sent through a waveguide path to the receiving device. In the receiving device, the reflected signals, after amplification and conversion, arrive on indicator screens. MRL-5 has a number of features:

 two separate channels - 3 cm (1 channel) and 10 cm (2 channel); the storm warning mode can be implemented on each of the channels, and the hail protection maintenance mode is implemented mainly when both channels work together;

antenna system with a parabolic reflector and dual-band feed, forming narrow radiation patterns; the use of such an antenna ensures high resolution in angular coordinates and combination of radiation patterns of both ranges with high accuracy.

high sensitivity of receiving devices allows you to increase the detection range of meteorological objects, and a wide dynamic range ensures high accuracy of quantitative measurements.

 a universal display system that provides the ability to observe and register radio echoes from meteorological objects:

combined PPI and IDV indicators with a wide range of scan scales, providing measurements, observations and photo registration of radio echo in the horizontal and vertical plane;

 two-beam indicator based on the ST-55 oscilloscope for observing the radio echo of meteorological objects in amplitude - range coordinates;

 equipment for converting angular information, providing: issuing the azimuth of meteorological targets in geographic and artillery coordinates with high accuracy (0.10).

 device for automatic detection of hailstones;

 a light display that provides prompt recording and photographic recording of the date, time, number of the observed channel, sign of the radar energy potential norm, isoech level at 6 dB, scale, azimuth, antenna tilt angle, horizontal and slant range, height of the target selected on the indicator;

device for monitoring the sensitivity of receiving devices, the power of transmitting devices and the energy potential of the station as a whole;

 controlled microwave attenuators on p-n-diodes, providing measurement of radio echo powers and their correction to the square of the distance;

special photo-recording equipment for documenting radio echo patterns;

 a power supply system that provides power to the equipment either from an industrial three-phase network 50 Hz 380 V, or from an autonomous three-phase network 50 Hz 220 V.