Conventional colors of a physical map lesson plan in geography (6th grade) on the topic. Green color on the physical map indicates On the physical map blue color indicates

Topic: “Conditional colors of the physical map of the hemispheres.”

Educational: To form an idea of ​​the physical map of the hemispheres, what conventional colors the surface of the Earth is depicted on the map of the hemispheres, to know the location of the equator, south and north poles on the map.

Educational: aesthetic, love for the Earth, Motherland.

Correctional and developmental: development of mental activity, motor skills, attention, memory, logical thinking, speech correction.

Equipment: Physical map of the hemispheres, globe, textbook, atlas.

Vocabulary work: physical map of the hemispheres, map symbols.

Progress of the lesson.

Organizational moment. Hello

Teacher:

What shapes of the earth's surface do you know?

What conventional colors are found on the map?

What do they mean?

Our planet has an uneven surface. Vast spaces are occupied by seas and oceans. Lakes and many rivers flow across the Earth.

On land there are lowlands, hills, and mountains.

Write down the definition. A physical map is a geographical map that depicts the surface of land, seas, and oceans.

Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes on a physical map are indicated in blue in different shades. The deepest parts of the oceans are marked in dark blue.

The land surface is indicated by different conventional colors, depending on the height of the area. The altitude of the area is measured from ocean or sea level.

Green on the maps indicates low places up to 200 meters above sea level - these are plains or lowlands.

The hills are painted in different shades of yellow. They are located at an altitude of 200 to 500 meters above sea level. Mountains shown in brown on the map have a height of 500 meters and above. (The story is accompanied by an analysis of Fig. 76).

On a physical map there is an altitude scale and a depth scale, which can be used to determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean. (The story is accompanied by an analysis of Fig. 77 and a scale of heights and depths in the atlas).

Fastening:

Instructions: “In front of you are cards with a table on them.. Fill in the empty cells of the table, as well as the sentences that you must complete, and a punched card. Don’t rush to fill out the table right away, check yourself again and only then give an answer.”

Task1 Shade the rectangles with the conventional colors of the physical map. Write what the colors mean.

___________________ _______________ ____________ _______

__________________ _______________ ____________ __________

Task 2: Complete the sentences.

Water on physical maps is depicted in ______ color.

The surface of the land is represented by ___________________, ________________ flowers.

Add your conclusion.

A physical map is a geographical map that is shown to us by ________________________________________________

Task 3. Underline the correct word.

Geographical objects on the map only need to be shown with a pen, ruler, finger, or pointer.

Bottom line. Giving ratings with comments.

What does the green color indicate on the plan and on the physical map? and got the best answer

Answer from ЂaisiaKonovalov[guru]
2.) on a physical map, green indicates low areas of the earth’s surface
4) on the plan, forests are indicated in green.
On the site plan, rivers and lakes are shown as blue water, and forests as green - the color of vegetation. Fields, vegetable gardens - - there is no special sign, so such areas are left white on the plan. The symbol of the bows resembles stalks of grass. Sands are represented by brown dots. Small streams, roads, narrow streets are depicted with conventional signs in the form of lines. Such symbols are generally accepted. They are used on all terrain plans.

Answer from Yatyana Dovbyalik[active]
I advise you to read it carefully!! !
Mountains are large, narrow, elongated areas of the lithosphere surface, rising above the adjacent plains by more than 500 m.
Since mountains form part of the relief, let’s agree on what we mean by relief. Relief is a set of irregularities in the surface of the lithosphere.
I show the participants a physical map of Russia in the atlas and ask them to answer the question: “What does it show in color?” . Answer: "Relief". Please remember the answer for later discussion.
To the question: “What color are the mountains shown on the map?” , I hear: “Brown or various shades of brown.” He is accepted as unfaithful. This is how an answer is assessed if it is completely or partially incorrect. Please find the New Siberian Islands on the map and see what is located north of them. It turns out - the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean.
I ask: “Is the ridge a mountain?” , “Are they shown in brown?” . No, light blue. “Which question was answered: the one posed or another?” . It turns out that they answered the question: “What color are mountains shown on land?” .
Correct answer: “On the land of this map, the mountains are marked in various shades of brown, and in the water area (seas and oceans) - from white to light blue.”
To the question - “What color are the plains shown on land maps? - I get the answer: “Green”. The answer is also not accepted.
To reasonably answer this question, you need to know the content of the concept “plain”. Plains are large, oval-shaped areas of the lithospheric surface with minor irregularities up to 500 m. They are distinguished according to the absolute elevations of the terrain.
1) up to 200 m – lowlands, painted dark green;
2) from 200 to 500 m – green plains with elevations up to 500 m;
3) over 500 m to 4-5 km - plateaus, plateaus, highlands.
The highest plain on Earth is the Tibetan Plateau with altitudes of 4-5 km. On the map, the Tibetan Plateau is shown in dark brown, and the Central Siberian Plateau is shown in light brown, because its heights are 800-1000 m. For example, the Ural Mountains are marked with the same color, the maximum height of which is 1895 m - Mount Narodnaya, and average – 1000 m.
I repeat my first question:
“What does the color scheme show on a physical map?” . After a short meeting of the participants, I heard in response: “Absolute marks of the terrain, but not the relief.” For this purpose, the map is accompanied by a scale of depths and heights in meters. If the relief were reflected, the land plains would be depicted as areas of a monochromatic green color, and the mountains as elongated areas of brown without any shades.

Topic: Conventional colors of a physical map.

Goals: - introduce students to the conventional colors of a physical map;

Develop map reading skills using conventional colors;

Reinforce the concepts of “plan”, “map”, “scale”;

Correction and development of visual-figurative thinking when working with

By card;

Developing the ability to respond with complete, detailed statements to the teacher’s questions.

Equipment : physical map of Russia, textbooks, workbooks, cards with individual tasks, presentation for the lesson.

New concepts : conventional colors of the physical map;

Terrain height scale from sea level.

During the classes.

Org moment.

In order for you to remember what topic we studied in the last lesson, you will have to solve the riddles:

There are fields - you can’t plow,

There are roads - you can't drive.

There is no water in the rivers and seas,

What is this and where does it happen, give me the answer.

S K I'm at school on the wall,

There are mountains and rivers on me,

I won’t hide it from you -

I'm also standing at school.

Okay, well done!

Yes, in the last lesson we got acquainted with the plan and map.

Activating students' knowledge: now pay attention to the screen.

1.What images of the earth’s surface exist? (slide 2) answers.

2.What is a site plan? They answer. Checking(slide3) - read

3.What is a card? They answer. Checking(slide4). - read.

4.Globe - what is it? They answer. Checking(slide 5) - read.

5. What is shown on the site plan? They answer. Checking(slide6). -reading.

6.What is shown on the cards? They answer. Checking(slide7).

7. What are the purposes of cards? They answer. Let's check.

(slides 8-12)

7.Is the scale the same on the site plan and the map? They answer.

8. What is scale? They answer. Checking(slide13) read.

Practical task: on the physical map p. 10, use the scale to find the distance between cities that are encrypted. Once you decipher the names of the cities, what will you do next? Measure the distance, then what? Fine. We found the scale on page 11 to be 1 cm 250 km. How do we find out what the distance between cities is? That's right, you need to multiply the received cm by 250 km. Answers: from Magadan to Moscow - from Yakutsk to Magadan - from Yakutsk to Moscow -

Fine.

Learning new material:

While working with a physical map, you probably noticed that the map is painted in different colors. Who knows what the concept of “conditional colors of a physical map” means? Answers.(slide 14). Name what conventional colors are found on the map? Answers.

Our planet has an uneven surface. On land there are lowlands, hills, plains, and mountains.

A physical map is a geographical map that depicts the surface of land, seas, and oceans.

Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes on a physical map indicateblue in different shades.The deepest parts of the oceans markdark blue.

The land surface is indicated by different conventional colors, depending on the height of the area.(slide 15)

The altitude of the area is measured from ocean or sea level.(slide16)

On a physical map there is an altitude scale and a depth scale, which can be used to determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean.

Exercise: first group - you need to take cards with any color and match them with the text on the board. The second group - you need to take cards with a hint and match their colors with the geographical map. Fine.

Working with the textbook p. 83 we read and answer the questions:

1.What is a physical card?

2. How do physical maps indicate different shapes of the Earth’s surface?

3. Why do we need a scale of heights and depths on a physical map? Well done!

Working with the map: - find the mountains on the map. Read what they are called.

Find large plains and lowlands on the map. Read their names;

Find the sea on which the city, Magadan, is located, read its name.

Consolidation.

1. Work in workbooks p. 32 task 1, 2,3, 4.

Lesson summary: How do physical maps indicate the different shapes of the Earth's surface? They answer. Checking(slide 17).

D/Z p.83-85 question No. 5

Lesson grades.

Thanks everyone.

Preview:

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Slide captions:

Conditional colors of the physical map

What images of the earth's surface exist?

A plan is a drawing of a small area of ​​land.

A map is a reduced image of the earth's surface, made using conventional colors and symbols.

Globe - a three-dimensional reduced model of the globe.

The plan depicts small areas of the area - a city, a village, a field, a forest, etc.

Large areas of land and bodies of water are marked on the maps.

According to their purpose, cards are different: physical; geological; political; economic; administrative; natural areas.

Administrative map of the region

Physical map of the hemispheres

Economic map

Scale is a number that shows how many times the distances on the ground are reduced when depicted on the plan.

Conventional colors on a physical map show the shape of the Earth's surface. Using the height and depth scale on a physical map, you can determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean.

Conditional colors of the physical map.

Terrain height scale from sea level.

The shapes of the earth's surface on a physical map are shown using color. Green indicates low places - lowlands, yellow - highlands, brown - mountains. Water bodies (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes) are marked in blue and blue.

Looking at geographic maps is quite interesting. Moreover, they are diverse. At school we had large wall maps, atlases and outline maps. I always liked finding all sorts of mountains and seas, rivers and plains on maps.

Shades of blue on a geographical map always indicate one thing - water.

What is blue in our nature? That's right: sky and water. But why is the sky on maps? This means that they represent all sorts of water bodies. What does this mean? That's what:

• oceans and seas;
• straits and bays;
• bays and estuaries;
• lakes and rivers;
• reservoirs and swamps (shown on maps as thin broken lines).

It is very comfortable. You can immediately see where the water is. There is more blue on the maps, since land still occupies a smaller part of our planet. Moreover, if rivers and lakes are painted the same color, then oceans and even large seas have different shades of blue. This is done in order to immediately focus attention on the depth. The bluer the color on the map, the greater the depth of the reservoir in this place. Even just looking at a geographical map, you can imagine which place is deeper.

Even on maps with a large scale (with a large reduction of the Earth), it is simply impossible to reflect on small objects (on rivers, lakes) all their depths, and there is no point in doing so. But on topographic maps of the area (where the scale is small and the size allows) sometimes depths are highlighted with more saturated shades of blue or conditional blue lines.

Shades of blue on old maps

Water was not always drawn blue on maps. In ancient maps, seas and oceans were simply not painted over. And the rivers were drawn in some other color: brown, black, green... .

In ancient times, people simply did not distinguish the color blue. It was as if he didn't exist. Some peoples did not even have such a word for “blue”. And there is not much blue in nature. Therefore, apparently, it appeared as a color much later than other colors. Only after this did they begin to paint water in shades of blue on geographical maps.

It’s so good that this blue color still appeared. After all, it is much more convenient when the water is blue, the earth is brown, and the vegetation is green.

Kart? All this will be discussed in our article.

A geographical map is...

The map is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. At first they were carved on stones, cliffs and cave walls. These were primitive drawings of the terrain of primitive people. One of the oldest maps is dated by scientists to the seventeenth millennium BC. Moreover, it was not a map of the starry sky. It marked Vega, Altair, Deneb and some other bright stars in the sky.

Similar maps of lands were created by ancient Greek explorers and travelers - Strabo, Anaximander, Hecataeus, Ptolemy and others. Cartography developed unusually rapidly in the 14th-16th centuries, during the so-called era of the Great Geographical Discoveries. At this time, portolans were created - sea plans that described in detail the waters of the Black and Mediterranean Seas, as well as the western shores and northern shores of Europe.

At the present time, a geographical map absolutely does not lose its value and relevance. In the 21st century, it becomes not only the result, but also an important tool of many scientific studies and research. Maps are widely used in geology, urban planning, meteorology, agriculture and other areas of human activity. School geography (6th grade) also studies it.

A geographic map is a model of the earth's surface reduced by hundreds or thousands of times, created using a system of special symbols. Almost all schoolchildren look at these colorful sheets of paper with great interest in class. And many of them have natural questions: what is indicated in brown on the map? What about other colors and shades? Next we will talk in detail about the symbols of modern maps. But first you should find out what types of them exist?

Types of geographical maps

Geographic maps are classified by scale, territorial coverage, purpose and content. According to their purpose, they can be:

• educational;
• reference;
• scientific;
• tourist;
• sports;
• navigation, etc.

By scale, all maps are divided into small-, medium- and large-scale, and by content - into general geographical and thematic. General geographic maps display many natural and public objects: relief, vegetation, hydrography, cities and villages, roads, etc. Thematic maps display individual objects (phenomena) of nature, the economy, or the social sphere.

What is shown in brown on the map?

The surface of our planet is heterogeneous. About 70% of its area is occupied by seas and oceans, and on land there are plateaus and mountains. How is all this displayed on general geographic maps?

All kinds of water bodies (rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs, etc.) are indicated in blue. And this is quite logical. But the surface of the sushi is painted in a variety of shades: from dark green to brown. What is shown in brown on the map?

The choice of color depends on the absolute height of a particular area in meters (above sea level). Green indicates lowlands and plains (up to 200 meters in height), yellow indicates hills (from 200 to 500 meters), and brown indicates mountainous areas (over 500 meters).

Ways to indicate relief on maps

Relief designation on a map can be done in two main ways:

• using flowers;
• using horizontal lines.

The color method was described in detail in the previous section. It is used, as a rule, in the compilation of general geographical (physical) maps. In addition to colors, such maps usually mark individual terrain points and indicate their absolute height. These can be the highest mountain peaks or, conversely, the lowest depressions in a particular area.

By color you can determine not only the height of the earth's surface, but also the depth of the seas and oceans. Colors are used to indicate depths on maps. The more saturated the shade, the deeper the bottom is at a particular point.

Each physical map is necessarily accompanied by a scale of heights and depths. From it you can approximately determine the height of the area or the depth of the ocean.

The second way to depict relief involves the use of special lines - horizontal lines. It is used primarily in the preparation of topographic maps and terrain plans.

Topographic map and its features

Large-scale universal maps that depict the terrain in detail are called topographical. With their help, you can get a fairly detailed picture of a particular territory.

All topographic maps are divided into four categories based on scale:

• large-scale (1:500,000 and larger);
• medium-scale (1:200,000, 1:100,000);
• small-scale (1:50,000, 1:10,000);
• area plans.

The most detailed terrain features are displayed on topographic plans, which have a scale of 1:5000 (most often). They can show individual buildings, trees, stones, churches, etc. Another distinctive feature of site plans is that when compiling them, the curvature of the Earth's surface is not taken into account.

Symbols of geographical maps and area plans

When drawing up topographic maps and terrain plans, a set of certain conventional symbols is used. With their help, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of natural objects and social phenomena are provided. What are the symbols of geographical maps? Four types of them are distinguished by modern topographers. This:

1. Large-scale.
2. Linear.
3. Non-scale.
4. Explanatory signs.

Using scale symbols, those objects and objects that can be expressed on the map scale are displayed. This could be a forest, a field, city blocks, etc. Non-scale symbols look like small figures or graphic drawings. They allow objects that are too small to be displayed on the map (for example, a tree, a stone, a coal mine, or a monastery). Using linear symbols, extended objects are displayed - roads, borders, power lines (power lines). Explanatory graphic symbols serve for additional characterization of certain terrain objects.

There are about two hundred conventional topographical signs in total. The figure below shows just a few of them. Here, for example, you can see what the symbol for sand, forest, lake, ravine or bridge looks like.

Relief depiction on topographic maps

As mentioned above, on topographic maps the terrain is displayed using so-called contour lines. These are conditional lines connecting points on the earth's surface with the same height. Horizontal lines are carried out at intervals of 10, 20 or 50 meters. But it all depends on the scale of the map: the larger it is, the more detailed the local relief can be shown. You can see what the horizontal lines look like in the figure below.

Horizontals, as a rule, have a gray or pale brown color. Where these lines break, their absolute height is indicated. In addition, individual points are often marked on geographic maps, indicating their exact height above sea level. These can be individual mountain peaks or objects that serve as obvious landmarks in the area.

Learning to “read” the terrain on a map is not difficult. The density and number of horizontal lines applied directly depends on the degree of dissection of the earth's surface. The closer these lines are located to each other on the map, the steeper the slope on the ground. However, the best way to learn how to read a topographic map is to take it with you on a hike or trip.

Depiction of vegetation and landscapes on maps

Landscapes, vegetation and soil cover are also shown in some detail on the maps. In this case, topographers use about 50 special signs.

Green spots and belts that can be seen on almost any topographic map are nothing more than forests. The boundaries of the forest are displayed as a dotted line. Additional characteristics of a particular forest are indicated using off-scale and explanatory signs.

Swamps on maps are indicated by horizontal blue stripes. Moreover, if these stripes are continuous, then the swamp is impassable, and if they are interrupted, then it is passable. Sands appear as randomly located brown dots.

There are special symbols to designate vineyards, fruit and berry gardens, bush thickets, woodlands, rice fields, tea plantations and other forms of vegetation.

Conclusion

Now you know what is indicated on the map in brown, what is green, and what is blue. The choice of color depends on the altitude of the area. Thus, lowlands are designated in green, hills in yellow, and mountain systems in brown. On topographic maps, the relief of the earth's surface is displayed differently - using contour lines.