Technological maps for main types of work. Guidelines for the development and approval of technological maps in construction. Features of the development and use of technical maps

The technological map in construction is a very important document. Its development is carried out each time for a certain type of construction work performed. The development of such a serious document involves great responsibility and is mainly entrusted to special research and design institutes that are developing a specific object. Also, a technological map can be developed by a contractor company carrying out a project and In addition, factories and enterprises engaged in the production of construction products and materials are engaged in the design of such documents.

A technological map in construction contains basic information about the main processes during construction work, as well as basic instructions for workers and personnel performing a specific construction or technological process or engaged in the maintenance of a specific construction project. The map must present the main parameters of all operations, indicating an accurate description of effective methods for carrying out construction and technological work. A list of tools, mechanization, various devices and other equipment that are most suitable for everyone and will allow the construction of the facility to be carried out in the shortest possible time, at minimal cost and with maximum quality of construction should be presented.

Also, the technological map in construction must comply with all basic safety and labor protection requirements during construction and technological work, as well as meet all building codes and regulations in accordance with GOST and other regulatory documents.

The technological map in construction is mainly of three types:

1. Typical technological maps that are not related to specific construction projects and do not meet any construction conditions.
2. Typical technological maps that are tied to specific construction projects, but do not take into account certain construction conditions.
3. Individually designed technological maps for certain objects, taking into account all the nuances and conditions of construction, as well as the location of the future building.

Currently, there are already technological maps for almost all types of construction work. or a technological map for the installation of the roof of one object can be designed by two different specialized organizations. These can be either contractor firms carrying out the construction of the facility, or special construction research institutes.

Basically, process maps are used as training documentation for low-profile workers and personnel, and greatly improve their skills and knowledge in the field of construction and technological process management. The area of ​​distribution of technological maps has long gone beyond just the construction field and is used in many areas of industry. The emergence of new types of work obliges qualified workers, foremen or foremen to know how to perform the work as efficiently as possible or manage the construction process, and sometimes this is simply impossible without a well-prepared technological map for a certain type of work. This once again confirms that if an enterprise or construction company really wants to carry out high-quality construction work with maximum efficiency and the right expenditure of resources, then it is impossible to do without a well-developed technological map.

Only after careful preparation and assessment of the object that needs to be dismantled. During the preparation process, a detailed technological map is drawn up, which allows you to record all stages of the upcoming work. A technological map is a kind of plan for dismantling work. And in the event of demolition of a complex object, you cannot do without such a map.

What is included in the technological map?

A technological map is a document that contains important information about the object, the upcoming dismantling work, as well as a kind of instruction for workers who will carry out the process of dismantling or demolishing the object.

The standard flow chart lists upcoming operations in detail, and also outlines a clear plan and sequence of work. In particularly difficult cases when dismantling a large object, when it is necessary to repeat some operations many times, the flow chart indicates the frequency of operations.

The technological map allows you to calculate in advance how much time it will take to complete each operation and dismantle the facility as a whole. This map also indicates the tools and materials that will be needed for effective, high-quality and safe dismantling.

In what cases is a technological map necessary?

Without a technological map, it is impossible to carry out high-quality dismantling of a structure or other object. Detailed instructions are important if the upcoming operations are excessively complex, if there are controversial decisions during dismantling, and also if it is necessary to clearly determine the time, money and labor costs for the upcoming work.

For each individual object, its own technological map is drawn up. Sometimes similar technological maps can be drawn up for similar models of objects. However, in any case, this type of documentation is drawn up taking into account the nuances of the upcoming work and is approved by the head of the enterprise that will carry out the dismantling.

Technological maps are drawn up not only for dismantling, but also for many other types of construction work. They are developed by construction companies, as well as specialized institutes. In addition, such cards are even produced by factories that produce building materials.

This type of documentation offers the most rational method for performing various construction works, including dismantling. The flow chart clearly and clearly indicates the worker’s action plan. If you skip any point, the dismantling or construction process will be of poor quality and even unsafe. Therefore, we can say that the technological map is designed for training and monitoring the actions of workers.

Technological maps allow dismantling to be carried out correctly, efficiently, safely, in the shortest possible time and with the involvement of the required number of workers.

In the construction industry, the use of technological maps is becoming more relevant every year. This is one of the most important documents, developed separately for each type of construction work.

Creating maps requires not only responsibility, but also highly qualified developers. In most cases, technological maps in construction are created by research and design institutes or contractors responsible for the project and the implementation of all work at a given site.

Kinds

A technological map, or abbreviated as TC, is a document created for the execution of only one construction and technical process and containing all the necessary information:

Technological maps in construction are presented in 3 types:

• Typical or standard TC, not related to any specific construction project. This document is being developed for a specific type of work that can be carried out at facilities with different purposes of use (brickwork TC, finishing work TC).
• A typical TC, tied to a specific object, but ignoring construction conditions. Most often, such maps are used for mass standard development.
• An individual or work plan developed for a designated facility and taking into account all aspects of construction, including location. Original and non-standard construction and architectural projects require the creation of individual technical complexes.

Why is a technological map needed and where is it used?

The main purpose of the technological map is the choice of method and detailed organization of a standard technological process, which allows reducing costs, reducing work time, while maintaining a high level of quality and full compliance with technical safety.

Technological maps are used during work on:

TCs are also actively used in the learning process in vocational and higher educational institutions or for advanced training of personnel.

Another way to use cards is to check the quality of construction and installation work performed by the customer, as well as the contractor or representatives of supervisory authorities.

TCs are actively used for:

• organizing work flow charts;
• wage calculations;
• rational use of labor and time of personnel and engineers;
• increasing labor productivity;
• reducing the time required for construction work;
• ensuring compliance with safety regulations.

Who develops and approves the TC

The development of technological maps, as a rule, is undertaken by research and design institutes, design bureaus and other organizations involved in the preparation of design documentation and PPR. They approve the procedure for the development, binding and application of the TC. Also, the development can be carried out by the construction organization itself, if appropriate qualified specialists are available.

The map is drawn up with the participation of engineering personnel using the experience of foremen, foremen and construction crews. Before approval, a mandatory procedure is a meeting held by the SMU construction preparation group.

During the meeting, final edits, comments and suggestions are made, which should be reflected in the TC. The technological map should include the use of only those methods and construction equipment that are available to the organization. The information presented in the TC gives a final idea of ​​the construction process and methods for calculating costs for it.

The document is approved by the chief engineer or the immediate supervisor of the construction organization.

What is the difference from PPR

In most cases, builders use standard technological maps that are not tied to the construction site, while at the same time the work execution plan (WPP) is written for a specific construction site.

The second difference is the number of technological processes described. The technological map deals with one process, and the PPR can be developed for both one and several processes. Thus, the PPR may include from one to several technological maps.

The TC is attached to an object due to the following actions:

Initial data and composition

The initial data are:

• selected construction and technological process;
• composition of the fleet of equipment, necessary equipment and tools available to the organization.

The TC includes several sections that formulate certain conditions and requirements that make it possible to increase the efficiency of the process at minimal cost.

1. Scope of application – a section in which the main initial data are formulated: from climatic conditions to the structural features of the building being constructed. Also here is a list of regulatory documentation regulating the implementation of this type of construction work.
2. Organization and implementation technology are all the requirements that apply to three stages: preparatory, main and final.

This section states:

Also in this section you can find information about the organization of passages and passages, the location of dangerous zones on the territory of the facility, a description of the main construction works, as well as the conditions for their implementation.

1. Quality requirements for acceptance of completed work indicate the parameters, equipment and measurement methods by which quality is assessed.
2. Calculation of labor costs or TEP (technical and economic indicators) provides a breakdown of indicators such as wages, bonuses, standard labor costs, and rates for working time standards for both people and machines.
3. Construction work schedule.
4. Material and technical resources - information about the required materials, structures, equipment and tools.
5. Occupational safety and health.

Technological maps have long gone beyond the construction field, and have been used for a long time in various fields of industry. Progress and innovation require knowledge about the quality organization of technological processes to achieve maximum efficiency in conditions of tendentious cost reduction. The development and creation of technological maps successfully solves all the assigned tasks.

Pedagogical rationale for the lesson:

In this lesson, students begin a new creative project, which involves students performing independent, consistent actions in implementing a specific plan. Since any creative work is a certain sequence of actions in the implementation of a certain plan, this requires the correct sequence of actions. Teaching students to master these research methods is one of the most important tasks of the entire educational field, including this lesson.

Lesson time: 90 minutes

Lesson Objectives:

educational:

• teach students to independently plan activities based on acquired knowledge and developed skills,
• reveal the essence of the stool manufacturing process from the point of view of the technological process;
• implementation of acquired knowledge on the production of technological maps when solving a new problem;

developing:

• develop students’ labor skills and ability to draw up technological maps
• develop imagination, a creative approach to doing work
• develop the ability to break a task into subtasks;

nurturing:

• cultivate a conscientious attitude towards the tasks performed;
• foster respect for equipment and tools

Tools and equipment:

• Workbench,
• ruler,
• compass,
• album sheet,
• pencil

Visual aids:

• routing,
• finished products (stools of different designs),
• parts blanks.

Form of study:

• individual,
• group

Brief Lesson Plan

I. Organizing time

II. Updating knowledge

III. Explanation of a new topic.

IV. Practical part of the lesson.

V. Analysis of student work, summing up

VI. Homework

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Checking the list of students, reporting the topic, goals and content of the lesson

Checking students' readiness for the lesson (condition of work stations, availability of notebooks, pens)

Determines the topic of the lesson, motivates for the final result

II. Updating knowledge

1. What is a technological process? ( A technological process is a part of the production process that contains targeted actions to change the shape, size and properties of materials when making a product from them. The technological process is carried out using various technological equipment: machines, fixtures, tools).
2. What is a technological map? ( A technological map is a document in which the entire process of processing product parts is recorded, indicating technological operations)

III. Explanation of new material

From today's lesson we will start making a stool.

Demonstration of finished products (stools)

Which stool do you want to make?

When the idea is determined, students move on to the next, most important stage in creative activity - translating the idea into sketches.

IV. Practical part of the lesson

Students create a technological map for making a stool

V. Analysis of student work, summing up

When assessing students' work, the teacher takes into account the consistency and correctness of the work.

VI. Homework

Draw up technological maps for different types of stools, indicate their purpose (children’s, kitchen, for work, household needs, etc.).

Examples of a technological map are present in any production facility, be it an aircraft factory or a public catering facility. This standardized document is mandatory in the enterprise, but the form and appearance differ from industry to industry.

What is this

Examples of a routing include required information for workers performing a specific operation. It can take the form of a procedure or instruction, presented in the form of text, tables, graphs, recipes, action plans, and so on.

What should she be

Whatever form the examples of the technological map are made, it must answer the following questions:

1. What to perform (what operations or procedures).

2. How to perform (specific steps are described in a certain order and sequence).

3. How often they should be performed (regulated regularity, periodicity).

4. How long should the execution take (how long can it take to carry out any stage of the operation and all of them together; often a “fork” is indicated from start to finish).

5. What is expected as a result (result after the procedure).

6. Resources required for production (list of necessary tools, materials and other resources for each stage of the operation).

Main functions

Examples of a technological map are necessary not only for passing Rospotrebnadzor commissions. They also have practical meaning in the enterprise itself. Such a document greatly facilitates the work of personnel and the inspection of special authorities.

This requirement is based on the understanding that specialists with completely different (including quite low) qualifications can be used in the same production. In order to ensure a sufficient level of competence of the employees involved in the departments, an example of drawing up a technological map of an enterprise is provided. Thus, their first function is educational.

The second task is to regulate a certain procedure where different work options can be used. Often, specialist developers choose the most rational methods.

The third task is to ensure that existing professionals are involved in the new process as quickly as possible and improve the skills of existing professionals. And planned, well-written instructions will help them with this.

It follows that the technological map should be drawn up in such a way that the least qualified employee of the enterprise can intuitively understand it, and competent specialists can find the required tips for themselves in the work.

Where is it used?

It should be noted that this document is often developed for each individual enterprise object.

Today, an example of filling out technological maps for almost all types of production has been developed. Based on one sample, you can develop any instructions and recipes.

Developed by

This document is compiled by specialized departments of the organization and is approved at the level of enterprise management.

In small companies, the document can be drawn up by any technically competent specialist.

They are compiled not only by specific firms and factories for their own needs, but also by consulting companies and specialized institutes to order.

How is it developed

Often, a technological map is drawn up separately for each division of the enterprise. In one document it is allowed to take into account different schemes of operations if the execution method is similar.

It is recommended to develop and display technological maps in the form of plates, graphs, and clearly structured text. Any visual aids may be used to ensure that operations and procedures are understood and performed correctly.

Features of compilation

Each technological map is individual. It must take into account not only the specifics of the industry, but also the requirements of the market, the region in which the enterprise operates, the qualifications of employees and functional connections within the company. This is where the difficulty of using ready-made examples lies.

However, given that this is a standardized document, it should be written using a familiar structure for your field of activity.

Compilation examples

To begin with, we will consider the technological map of the excursion. This example is taken as one of the fairly common and at the same time relatively understandable in preparation.

The technological map of the excursion (an example of the structure is given below) will include the following components:

1. Introduction (includes general maps, enterprises). You can include here the history of the creation of the tour agency. Describe how the divisions of the enterprise are interconnected, how the documentation structure is arranged.

2. Scope of application. In this section, it is already worthwhile to clearly and reasonably describe exactly which procedures and operations are covered by the route flow chart, an example of which is being considered.

3. Regulatory documents. List here everything that may affect your activities, from legislation to internal instructions. Please note that this section is your kind of cheat sheet. You can contact him if you have any questions not described in this map.

4. Terms and definitions. Also meticulously and painstakingly include here everything that appears in the text. Don't forget the names of the companies you work with that are mentioned in the document. Perhaps you use the services of hired vehicles, then be sure to indicate who falls under the definition of a carrier. If your routes have separate names, be sure to spell them out. Be aware of abbreviations. They should also be included in this section.

5. General provisions and main text of the technological map. This is the longest section of the document. It includes a description of the organization of the process, technological features, and routes. This can also include requirements for the quality of work and methods for assessing this quality. Describe all the materials and resources you need to organize the process. These include not only finances, but also the personnel involved (human resources), office equipment, rented or own real estate, transport, if required for excursion activities. The technological route map, an example of which we are considering, is best described here. Calculation of duration is one of the required columns.

6. Description of safety requirements may be separated into a separate section, or may be included in the previous one, at the discretion of the developer and management.

7. Costing also placed in a separate section at the request of the compilers. At the same time, it is often included in section 5. Neither option will be considered an error. When calculating costs, do not hesitate to seek the help of professionals and accountants.

8. Procedure for development and approval. If your company has created a lot of technological maps, then it may be advisable to put it in a separate document.

In documentation you can also often find the definition of “routing and technological map”. An example of it will not differ much from that discussed above, since this is one of the terms that describes the sequential course of the entire technological process.

A similar compilation principle can be used when an example of construction work, agricultural operations and other projects is needed. You will never prepare the right dish if you do not follow a clear recipe (proportions, sequence, ingredients).

Examples of a technological map are indeed present in any production, be it a bakery factory or a local cafeteria. This standard document is mandatory in institutions, but its form and appearance differs depending on the industry.