Print out outline map of the world by geography. How to fill out contour maps. Contour maps in Russia

V. L. Markov, S. V. Zhukova, M. A. Sedelkin,

Methodists of the City Methodological Center

Knowledge of the map and ability to work with it in the modern world it is no less important

than knowledge of grammar and mathematics.

1. Contour maps are called contour maps because they show only the general outlines of geographic features. The contour map is the basis for practical work in geography. The outline map is usually not filled out all at once.

2. When starting to work with the contour map, carefully read the teacher’s assignment. What exactly needs to be indicated? Repeat the conventions on the topic of the task.

3. Assignments are completed using materials from the school textbook, school atlas maps and other additional sources of information recommended by the teacher.

4. When starting work, prepare sharpened pencils and colored pencils, which are necessary for completing the teacher’s assignments.

5. Any card must have a name, which is signed at the top of the card. It should be clear and concise, and relevant to the topic being studied. Don't confuse the name of your map with the name of the map template.

6. Compare the outline of the area shown on the outline map with a regular geographic map to get your bearings. Determine where the main mountains and rivers are.

7. Consider the order in which objects should be designated so that they do not cover or interfere with each other.

8. Determine the symbols that you will use, mark them in a specially designated place on the map.

9. All objects depicted on the map must be reflected in the legend (in symbols), including shading (colors), shading, icons, footnotes, etc. The map legend must contain a decoding of any color designation.

10. Geographical objects whose names do not fit on the contour map can be indicated by off-scale signs (numbers, letters), and their names are signed in symbols.

11. Texts and names of geographical objects must be legible. Write the names of rivers, mountains and cities clearly in printed font.

12. Orographic objects (relief elements) are drawn in black, hydrographic objects (water bodies) - in blue.

13. It is necessary to complete only the proposed tasks. Avoid adding “unnecessary information” to the contour map. The mark for correctly completed work on the proposed tasks may be reduced if unnecessary information is added to the work.

14. Depending on the task, objects can either be shaded with a simple pencil or painted in appropriate colors. Try to use the same colors as those used on printed maps (see maps in the atlas).

15. Coloring objects necessary to complete tasks is done only with colored pencils. Never use felt-tip pens or markers!

16. Each relief form has its own color scheme, which corresponds to the scale of heights and depths of the atlas.

17. To correctly plot the names of geographical objects on a contour map, you should focus on the degree grid: the names of geographical objects should be written along the lines of the degree grid, which will help complete the task more accurately.

18. It is advisable to place the names of small objects on the scale of the map used, for example, volcanoes or mountain peaks, to the right of the object itself, along the parallel.

19. The names of linear objects, for example, mountains, rivers or streams, must be placed along their length, so that they can be read without turning the map over.

20. The names of area objects should not go beyond the boundaries of the object. Exceptions are small objects. In this case, the inscription can be located next to this object or a link can be given in the form of a number, which is deciphered in the map legend (for example, on the map: the number 1 is on the object; and in the legend the decoding is given: 1 - Lake Ilmen).

21. If you designate an area object, for example, a plain or sea, then remember that the boundaries of these objects are not outlined with lines. The name inscription shows the territory of the plain or the sea.

22. There must be a system in symbols. Follow the cartographic tradition in filling out the maps.

23. The outline map is handed over to the geography teacher in a timely manner within the specified period.

Note

Do not use paint to fill in the contour map. Typically, contour maps are made on paper that absorbs water very poorly. Additionally, mistakes on colored maps are more difficult to correct.

When assessing the quality of completion of the proposed tasks, the teacher takes into account not only the correctness and accuracy of the tasks, but also the accuracy of their implementation. A sloppy completed task may result in a lower grade for your work.

Note to the teacher

All types of contour maps intended for practical training of students in order to consolidate knowledge of geography and history in the scope of programs of general education institutions are subject to technical conditions in accordance with the norms of the Federal Service of Geodesy and Cartography of Russia (since June 15, 2003).

Technical requirements for contour maps

1. Published contour maps must meet the requirements of technical specifications and be produced in three forms: separate sheets, in the form of a brochure, sewn into educational atlases.

2. Outline maps are printed in one color on writing paper No. 1 (GOST 18510-73), on offset paper (GOST 9094-83), imported writing or cartographic paper weighing 70–100 g/m2.

3. For the covers of contour maps produced in the form of brochures, map paper (GOST 1339-79) or coated paper (GOST 21444-75 weighing 80–100 g/m2) should be used. It is allowed to use other types of paper for covers, including writing paper.

4. All elements must be printed on contour maps; There should be no torn or crushed areas on the cartographic image.

5. The paint on the entire cartographic image must be printed in an even, dense layer. The image should be clearly and easily read in all details.

6. All lines, strokes and dots must be clear, with sharp, unblurred edges that are not crushed during printing.

7. The text on the outline map should be clear and free of stains and dirt. Fonts must comply with state rules and regulations (SanPiN 2.4.7.702-98).

8. Contour maps should be free of mechanical damage, wrinkles, oil stains and specks with an area exceeding 0.5 mm 2 .

9. Outline maps produced in separate sheets must be evenly trimmed and have margins of at least 10 mm.

10. The quality of the cover of the contour maps and the appearance of the brochure are determined visually.

More information about the standard can be found on the portal of regulatory documents ().

We hope that contour maps will help you when studying such an interesting subject as geography. When completing any tasks, you can use a school textbook and a geographical atlas, but this does not mean that you need to redraw the atlas maps in detail; complete only specific tasks. To make your work easier, some of the geographical features are already marked on each map. This will help you get your bearings faster by completing the tasks indicated on the outline map and additional tasks suggested by the teacher.

FRANCE.
1. Label the countries with which France borders.
2. Using symbols, show deposits of mineral resources.
3. Mark the French nuclear power plants on the contour map. Remember what percentage of the total amount of electricity is generated in France at nuclear power plants.
4. Show the industrial specialization of large cities in France. Write a story about the sights of Paris.
5. Compare the agricultural specialization of the northern and southern regions of France. Show the main differences on an outline map.
6. Emphasize cities - major ports.

Download the e-book for free in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Geography, grade 10, Contour maps, 2015 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Geography, grades 10-11, Economic and social geography of the world, Regional characteristics of the world, Part 2, Domogatskikh E.M., Alekseevsky N.I., 2008
• Contour maps, Geography, grades 10-11, Kartasheva T.A., Pavlova E.S., 2019
• Economic and social geography of the world, grade 10, Tarasenko N.G., Pokintelitsa L.M., 2005
• Geography, Economic and social geography of the world, grades 10-11, Basic and advanced levels, Methodological manual, Bakhchieva O.A., Khabibullin R.Kh., 2016

Contour map- a special type of blank geographical maps containing elements of a geographical basis and a coordinate grid, intended for students to complete educational assignments in geography, history and astronomy; Such maps show only the outlines of countries, main objects, processes or phenomena. They allow you to complete tasks by applying symbols.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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  Contour maps are intended for use with an educational atlas (usually it is published complete with contour maps) and a school textbook. Working on contour maps makes it possible to better remember information, develop attention and logic. Helps memorize cartographic content. Drawing up a contour map requires precision and accuracy, and adherence to a number of rules. A methodology has been developed for students to work with contour maps.

  Contour maps are also used in work with students, but it is based on maps intended for high school or created by university teachers for conducting classes with their students. Large publishing houses do not publish outline maps for higher educational institutions.

  Contour maps in Russia

  In the 20s of the 19th century, the predecessors of modern contour maps first appeared in Russian educational cartography. They were called “silent maps” (Latin: carta geografica muta), they were educational geographical maps without names, which had to be written by hand.

  The first such collection was “Educational Atlas Consisting of Silent Geographical Maps” (it was published in St. Petersburg in 1829). At the end of the preface to the atlas it was stated: “These sheets were compiled by the researcher P. Maksimovich, who is located at the Main Engineering School...”. Maksimovich Pavel Petrovich was a district inspector of the St. Petersburg educational district, a member of the Academic Committee of the Ministry of Public Education. In the “Geographical Sheets” for this atlas, it was carefully stated that Maksimovich placed “only those items that seemed appropriate to the School Administration for teaching Geography.” In 2013, this collection was one of the main exhibits at the exhibition “From the history of Russian educational cartography” (Russian State Library, Pashkov House, reading room of the Department of Cartographic Publications).

  Educational cartography developed at the beginning of the 20th century, when, along with the widespread use of wall maps, “notebook atlases” were published, which included silent maps. Despite this, at the beginning of the 20th century, especially in the provinces, contour maps were still perceived with distrust by students. This is discussed in the novel by Yakub Kolas “On Rostanakh”, the action of which takes place on the eve of the First Russian Revolution. A young teacher Andrei Lobanovich, who has just graduated from a teacher’s seminary, arrives in a remote village. Lobanovich is trying not to limit himself to the school curriculum. He wants to make his students think, hoping that it will change their lives. Here he faces serious difficulties, including a sharply negative perception of contour maps by students:

  “The students of the Verkhansky school were frightened by the silent geographical map - they had never had anything like it. Minich spoke on behalf of his comrades, declaring that the silent map was unfamiliar to them and it could harm them in the geography exam. Teachers from other schools approved of Lobanovich’s action, and that was the end of the matter with the silent card.”

  Yakub Kolas. On the rise. P. 95. RuLit.

  Contour maps became widespread during the Soviet period, especially after the Great Patriotic War. A major role in their popularization was played by A. I. Strazhev’s article “Locality in the study of history. Working with a Historical Map in the Classroom and at Home,” published in the journal Teaching History at School.

  The problem of using contour maps in teaching history and methods of working with it was subsequently raised in the scientific works of G. I. Goder, M. V. Vorozheikina, M. T. Studenikin, A. A. Vagina, and in teaching geography - in the articles of T. Kovalenko. IN . A series of articles on this issue was published by A. A. Bogdanova. V. A. Zhuchkevich dedicated a monograph to the problem of using contour maps in the process of teaching geography. A method of working with a contour map was developed for the blind and in a correctional school.

  By the early 1990s, contour maps in the minds of the average person began to be identified with the work of a history and geography teacher. The editor-in-chief of the Echo of Moscow radio station, Alexey Venediktov, talks about this time when he combined the work of a teacher and a journalist:

  “I remember such a brilliant story. They called me and other reporters to Yeltsin, we arrived to see him, but he wasn’t there, he was late. We sit and wait... And I have fifth grade, Greek wars, contour maps, I need to check - tomorrow the topic is closed. I take these cards out of my briefcase and start checking them with a red pencil. People are going nuts! And the journalists who also came to Yeltsin got bored and said: give it to us, we’ll check it too! I won’t give it to you, you don’t know a damn thing, but these are all marks. Give us an A, and we’ll follow the pattern. Right! He handed out the cards... And then Boris Nikolaich came and looked, and the people were sitting and correcting the cards with red pencils. He asks: "What is this?" Right now, Boris Nikolaich, 9 pieces left.”

  Currently, there is cautious and sometimes persistent doubt about the usefulness of the traditional approach to performing contour maps:

  “...the benefits of routine exercises with a contour map (“find...”, “label...”, “apply...””) are debatable. They only train observation and visual memory (and even then they do not train, but test, control) and in this sense do not contribute any more to the development of a young person than identifying a caught partner by touch when playing blind man's buff. A contour map is a tool for memorizing and controlling the memorization of a real map. Working with a contour map does little to develop the actual geographical worldview, spatial thinking, understanding of the map and the real territory.”

  Rogachev S.V. The space of Russia: A lesson in understanding the map. Geography. No. 1. 1999. P. 1, 7-10.

  Electronic blank maps and atlases have appeared, combining the properties of a contour map, animation and multimedia tools, which have not yet found widespread use in secondary schools. Research in the field of multimedia blank cartography is conducted by: Lisitsky D. V., Komissarova E. V., Vilkov A. Yu., Katsko S. Yu.

  Notes

  1. Based on the book: Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006.
  2. Technical Translator's Handbook. Intent. 2009-2013: outline map - educational blank silent map.
  3. Akhiev S. N., Savinov A. A., Churekova N. B. Methodological recommendations for working with contour maps on the history of Ancient Rome. Saratov. 2013.
  4. Simakova O. A. Work with conventional graphic materials as a form of independent work for history students. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Minsk, November 16-17, 2006. Mn.: BSU. 2006. P. 55-60.
  5. Koshcheeva G.S. Cartography with the basics of topography. Training and metodology complex. Tyumen State University. 2014.
  6. Molokina T.S. Development of an educational multifunctional map. Dissertation for the academic degree of candidate of technical sciences. Novosibirsk 2015.
  7. Kuzmina M. A. Russian and Italian adjective metaphor in a comparative aspect. Electronic library of dissertations.
  8. Maksimovich, Pavel Petrovich (1796-1888). Geographical sheets serving as an explanation of the Educational Atlas, consisting of silent maps, were compiled at the Main Engineering School. St. Petersburg: in the printing house of N. Grecha, 1829.127 S.; 8° (23 cm).

  Instructions

  Some schools have long been using modern information technology, including in lessons or history. This means that a school geographic information system must be installed on the computer, which also includes a map editor. However, most schools still use the traditional method of filling out contour maps, that is, the outlines of countries are drawn on paper.

  If it is necessary to fill out an outline map, but the student does not have the map itself, one can be made. You can find the card you need on the training site and on the printer. You can also use the old-fashioned method. Take any printed card and attach it to the window glass, for example, with tape. Place a piece of thin paper (not necessarily thin paper - regular printer paper works well for this purpose) on the card and trace with a pencil, pen or marker.

  After receiving the outline map, carefully read the teacher's assignment. What exactly needs to be marked on it? The outline map is usually not filled out all at once. There may be a task to designate rivers, cities, state boundaries, places of major historical events or the movement of troops. Repeat the conventions.

  Compare the outline of the territory shown on the contour map with a regular geographic map. Even if the task is small and you only need to plot a few objects, you need to find your way around the map. Determine where the main mountains and rivers are. This can be done using a coordinate grid, which is required on all geographical maps. What is not specified may not be designated, but it is necessary to imagine where these objects are located.

  Mark the desired objects with a pencil. If this is a regular homework task, check your notations with those in the atlas. If you are doing a test, remember the material from the textbook. You need to know at least the approximate coordinates of the place you are designating, as well as large objects located nearby. If you know all this, then there will be no serious mistake, even if you place a mountain or city slightly inaccurately.

  First mark the mountain ranges with a thin pencil. Check the location with the atlas. After that you can paint them over. Depending on the task, they can either be shaded with a simple pencil or painted in appropriate colors. The same must be done with the territories of states. Try to use the same colors that are used on typographic cards.