Didactic material for the didactic game. Card index for preschoolers (Didactic games:). Card files of educational and entertaining activities for different age groups

Didactic games occupy a special place in the life of preschoolers. This phrase should be understood as a game process, the action of which is aimed not only at teaching the child, but also at developing new abilities in him. After all, it is well known that it is from an early age that successful “learning of material” occurs better than within the walls of an educational institution.

Didactic games, developed by child psychologists specifically for preschoolers, present in ready-made form that knowledge or special educational material that is closely related to the child’s life interests, making allowances for his mental development in a certain period of life.

Among the variety of material offered, we would like to draw your attention to a game that belongs to the category "Tasks in pictures".

A game

The child is asked to carefully look at the picture and answer the following two questions:

• What detail of the doghouse did the artist forget to draw?
• Which of the details present in the picture is superfluous?

In this case, the game process contributes to the development of attention in children.

Educational didactic games, which are developed by the country's leading psychologists for preschoolers, contain a ready-made game concept or offer game material or rules for it. Achieving any condition will depend on the definition of the goal set by the game process. As a rule, such games always rely on two aspects:

• Cognitive or what needs to be taught to the child, what actions in the game he must perform with objects, or what exactly to redo in order to achieve the desired condition;
• Educational. Here the moment of cooperation of the baby, the formation of forms of communication and relationships with other people are pursued.

In any case, for preschoolers, the proposed didactic games should not focus on transferring specific knowledge, skills or abilities to the child, but, on the contrary, on the development of certain of his mental processes and abilities.

In order not to indulge in verbosity, we suggest considering another, no less entertaining game.

A game

The child is asked to carefully examine the drawing. When your baby tells you that he is ready to answer your questions, he is asked: “Which of the painted objects did grandma lose?”. Then, following the question, it is necessary to clarify that this object appears in the picture only once.

Not every little talent will find this item easy. After all, not even every adult is capable of such an act. Therefore, you can invite your child to cross out identical objects, but only after he is convinced that they are in double quantity in the picture.

All little life is a game

It must be remembered that for preschoolers, any didactic games should not turn from gameplay into the acquisition of knowledge and skills. After all, their idea is to create a game situation aimed at learning. When inviting a child to play usefully, you need to understand that the game should be based on the child’s specific inclinations. In particular, younger schoolchildren are more interested in actions carried out with objects. The emphasis should be on the attractiveness of individual things, taking into account the fact that the child should want to hold this or that object in his hands.

An equally important aspect is the very concept of the game being played.

The success of a play action must be present and based on the child’s emotional connection with the actions he performs.

After all, solving a game problem should require from the participant not only active volitional and mental efforts, but also give satisfaction from the work done.

Such games are developed taking into account a wide variety of educational tasks:

• the child should not run away prematurely;
• he needs to name a certain shape of the object;
• manage to find the required picture in a limited time;
• be able to remember several items.

These conditions are very important in the process of game learning for preschoolers.

A game

Invite your child to carefully look at the picture and ask the following questions, to which he will have to give the correct answers in order to save the flower:

• In what pot does the fading flower grow?
• In which pot should the soil be moistened so that the flower does not die?

As a result, invite the “student” to color the picture at his own discretion.

A game

In this case, the task of the game itself is quite simple, however, it is in its simplicity that all the complexity lies. Ask your child to help the confused girl set the table.

As you can see, each rectangle has a thread, following which you can come to the picture. Help your child find the item and write its name in the space provided for this. As a result, together you will be able to decipher the word, which should be made up of letters inscribed in circles. This will be the name of the breakfast - Omelette.

Rules of the game

The most important feature that all didactic games developed both by parents for their preschoolers and by specialists should contain is the presence of game rules. After all, only thanks to them can the idea of ​​the game action be conveyed to the child. You cannot leave your baby alone during a learning game.

With all his appearance, as well as his actions, the adult must show his emotional involvement, prove to the child or group of children the importance of everything that is happening and the significance of all this for him personally.

In addition to the above, it is the adult who will correct and direct the game process in the right direction, overcoming difficulties that arise with them, approving their correct actions, as well as achievements, encouraging them to follow the rules, pointing out mistakes and inaccuracies. That is why in an educational game it is very important to be able to combine two different roles of organizer and participant.

Let's move on from theory to practice and get acquainted with the game for the little ones

A game

The playing field is a box of chocolates. The bottoms of its cells are painted as shown in the photo. Each cell, based on color, is accompanied by a certain capsule or chip, whatever you call it, the same color as the bottom itself.

The essence of the game is to arrange all the chips into their cells as quickly as possible, taking into account their color. If any of the players mix up the colors, then he misses one move. The one who performs this operation first wins. You can use halves of chocolate eggs with a toy as a capsule.

As you have seen, educational games can be very diverse. The main thing is to approach the issue constructively and with desire.

Teaching a child mathematics is a long process aimed at making enormous efforts not only by the teacher, but also by the student.

Didactic games in mathematics for preschoolers are designed to diversify the learning process, destroy strict officialdom, and increase the degree of effectiveness in mastering and understanding mathematical fundamentals.

Didactic games in mathematics in kindergarten: goals and objectives

Didactic games are carried out with the aim of increasing the child’s level of awareness about the world around him. They develop observation skills, learn to record and find differences between objects, comparing them according to different characteristics. During the gameplay, children learn to find basic cause and effect relationships.

Didactic games in mathematics in preschool educational institutions can be very different, their choice depends on the goal:

1. The use of numbers and numbers in games helps to familiarize yourself with the concept of counting, the history of the appearance of numbers, and improve counting and comparison skills.

These educational math games for preschoolers promote:

• improving the ability to independently use single-digit numbers;
• education of attentiveness, memory, thinking;
• mastering the method of distributing natural numbers, improving counting skills.

1. Games designed to study time introduce children to the days of the week, the names of months, and teach them to remember their position on the calendar.

1. Games for the development of orientation allow students to learn how to record and express their own position on the ground, determine and name the location of an object relative to another. Having achieved the educational task, preschoolers are able to use words to name the location of objects.

1. Games with figures are used to strengthen knowledge about the shape of various geometric figures and improve the skill of finding them in nearby things. Such games contribute to the development of attention and the formation of creative imagination in preschoolers.

1. Didactic mathematical games that develop logical thinking are initially intended to form the components of scientific thinking: making judgments, giving arguments, summing up. They also help develop creativity and out-of-the-box thinking.

This is important to know

1. Didactic games should not be carried out for a long time. For younger children, it is enough to spend 5 minutes on them. Didactic games in mathematics in the senior group can last no more than 15 minutes. Exceeding this time can lead to decreased activity and weakening cognitive interest, which can negatively affect the result.
2. If a team takes part in the game, You need to pay attention to everyone's individual abilities, and, if necessary, provide assistance to underachievers for a successful outcome of the educational problem.

DIY didactic games for preschoolers

In order to increase the cognitive interest of students, teachers should try to diversify the course of teaching. To do this, many develop and produce their own training courses. In making visuals, everything that is at hand can be useful, the main condition is that it is harmless to kindergarten students.

Materials for creating didactic games can be as follows:

• improvised materials - fabric, yarn, buttons;
• natural raw materials – leaves, flowers, grass, pine cones;
• office supplies – glue, gouache, colored paper, cardboard;
• imagination is the most important component.

Didactic math games with your own hands in pictures

Making educational games with your own hands is not at all difficult. Here are examples of such mathematical games.

Card index of didactic games in mathematics for preschoolers

"Describe the pattern"

Target: training in spatial orientation, improving communication skills.

Progress of the game. Each preschooler has a drawing depicting a carpet. Students are required to describe the position of the parts of the pattern in the drawing: on the left side, on the right, at the top or bottom.

"Solve an example"

Target: training in performing addition and subtraction operations within ten.

Progress of the game. The teacher throws the ball to the preschooler and names an example. The student, having caught it, answers and returns the ball. Next, the teacher throws the ball to the next person.

"Find the error"

Target: analysis of geometric shapes, comparison and finding the odd one out.

Progress of the game. The preschooler is asked to analyze the rows of geometric shapes and point out the error, offering a correction option with an explanation. An error could be a circle in a row of squares, or a red figure among yellow ones.

"Show me"

Target: improving the ability to recognize a geometric figure according to a given criterion.

Progress of the game. Several figures differing in color, shape and size are laid out in random order in front of the preschooler. The teacher suggests identifying the figure according to the mentioned criterion: small square, large red circle, etc.

"One property"

Target: consolidation of knowledge about the properties of geometric figures, development of the ability to characterize and identify figures according to their characteristics.

Progress of the game: The players must be provided with the same set of geometric shapes. One of the players places one of them on the table. The second player’s task is to choose from his set a piece that differs from the one laid out by the previous player in only one way. For example, if the first figure laid out is a large red circle, then the next one you can lay out is a large red square or a large blue circle, or a small red circle. The game should be built on the principle of playing dominoes.

"Who are the neighbors"

Target: improving the ability to name neighbors of numbers.

Progress of the game. Participants stand in a circle. The teacher throws the ball and calls a random number. The child, having caught the ball, names the neighbors of this number. After this, the ball is thrown to the next participant.

"Let's Harvest"

Target: training the skill of comparing objects by size.

Progress of the game. The teacher advises the children to collect the harvest in different baskets - large vegetables and fruits in one basket, small ones in the other.

"Shop and Geometry"

Target: training in recognizing basic geometric shapes, improving communication skills.

Progress of the game. On the table there are objects of various shapes put up for “sale”. Each student - buyer receives a card - a receipt, on which a figure is drawn: a circle, a triangle, a square or a rectangle. He can purchase any item, provided that the shape of the product matches the picture on the card. Having accurately made a choice and proven it, the child receives a purchase.

Didactic games in mathematics

Presentation of educational games in mathematics

Didactic games are a type of games for the purpose of teaching and raising children. Didactic games were specially created by teachers to teach children. They are aimed at solving specific problems of teaching children, but at the same time, they demonstrate the educational and developmental influence of gaming activities. This is one of the methods of active learning for preschoolers and elementary school students, and this is no coincidence. A child will not sit and listen to a boring lecture or report; he will not remember anything, because he is not interested in it. The child loves to play. Therefore, pedagogy has combined business with pleasure; by playing didactic games, the child learns without even knowing it. He's interested. He remembers. We offer many educational games on completely different topics to educators and primary school teachers, as well as parents on the 7guru website.

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The leading activity of a preschooler is play; with the help of it, the child learns about the world around him. It is generally accepted that a gaming deficit negatively affects the development of a child’s personality. A preschooler spends a significant part of his time in kindergarten among his peers, under the supervision of teachers. Only a teacher who is proficient in gaming technologies can achieve high results in working with children.

The importance of didactic games in kindergarten

The required minimum of teacher competencies is the ability to distinguish a didactic game (DI) from other game forms, knowledge of its structure, types, card files of basic games, and basic regulatory requirements. Using gaming technologies, the teacher should not forget that while playing, the child satisfies his key needs, masters activities such as work and study, and develops and forms as a person. Therefore, the teacher must approach the organization of children’s play activities responsibly, relying on basic pedagogical knowledge.

The concept of a didactic game

The activity of preschoolers has different forms, one of them is play activity. For a teacher, a game is both a tool for teaching and upbringing, and a form of organizing the lives of children in a preschool educational institution (DOU). It is a scientifically substantiated and practically confirmed fact that play is the most productive form of activity or direct educational activity (ED) for preschoolers.

GCD in preschool educational institutions is carried out in accordance with sanitary rules and regulations (SANPIN 2.4.1.3049–13), which determine, in particular, their duration (up to 10 minutes for children, up to 30 minutes for older age groups). Note that not all games for preschoolers are didactic (they are also called subject-specific or educational). S. L. Novoselova in the “Origins” program (1997) classifies games based on who initiates them - an adult or a child. Signs by which it is easy to distinguish DI:

• its initiator will always be an adult (teacher);
• such a game is aimed at solving an educational problem (“didactics” translated from ancient Greek - teaching);
• For children, the educational nature of the game should not be obvious.

In the game, preschoolers explore the world and learn to interact

It is important for the educator to understand that the educational results he wants to obtain depend on the fact that the preschooler does not know about the need to achieve them. In a gaming situation, the very possibility of activity, success, and pleasure is important to the child. Educational results are a side effect for him; learning occurs unintentionally. It’s a big mistake to start the game with the words: “Your game task is to learn to distinguish colors and find objects based on this characteristic.”

Educational games have a long history, contain elements of folklore and reflect national characteristics. Such games as “Ladushki”, “The White-sided Magpie”, “The Lady” and others have survived to this day. Ancestors laid educational meaning and educational character into games, thereby passing on life experience from generation to generation, preparing children for early adult life. Currently, such games are aimed not so much at preparing preschoolers for adult life, but at organizing leisure time.

Structure of the didactic game

The productivity of DI presupposes knowledge of its structure and understanding of the connections between the main structural elements. There are 3 such elements:

• Educational/didactic task. In the game process, the teacher includes specific learning tasks that are adequate to the form and content of the game, the age group of the children: consolidation of synonymous words in the child’s active dictionary, development of fine motor skills, formation of ideas about color, and many others. What the task is can often be determined by the name of the game: “Assemble the puzzle”, “Guess the musical instrument”, “Name the object”. Let us remind you that the educational task of a didactic game for a child is hidden. When playing, a 5-6 year old child does not seek to learn something, he is interested in the final result (winning) and having fun. Kids are not even interested in winning; they are curious about the process of gaming interaction.
• Play actions, i.e. ways of showing the child’s activity in the game. For kids, play actions are very simple (disassemble/assemble a simple object; guess the source of the sound, find a pair); Older children are required to take more complex actions (show care, choose the correct option from a variety, name a phenomenon); in the games of children of older groups, actions of an analytical and creative nature predominate (correlate, generalize, classify, invent).
• Rules of the game. It is important to understand that all participants, including adults, must follow the rules. The rules are determined by the educational and subject content of the game, the tasks inherent in the game, the complexity or simplicity of game actions largely depends on them. The rules of the game are determined by the initiator.

Types of didactic games

Some didactic games may include integrated tasks on speech development, the environment, mathematics and art

Based on the material used, teachers divide DI into groups:

• didactic games with objects,
• printed board games,
• word games.

Didactic games with objects

The items in these games are educational material. Toys, household items, natural materials, works of decorative and applied art - everything can be used. The creative approach of the teacher allows you to organize an excellent game, using high-tech industrial toys, special gaming complexes (for example, the play set “Froebel’s Gifts”), and any available materials, even what is usually thrown away as garbage (lids, chocolate egg cases, shreds ) and literally lies under your feet (leaves, pebbles). Variations of games with objects will be dramatizations, plot-didactic and didactic games with motor-oriented toys (pyramids, nesting dolls, cubes).

Ordinary pebbles painted with acrylic paints can be used as a teaching material.

August Froebel is a famous German teacher. It was he who coined the expression “children are the flowers of life.” He proceeded from the premise that “good gardeners” should raise children.

Play sets such as Froebel's Gifts, included in the Montessori school materials, develop fine motor skills, color perception, logical thinking and other abilities of preschoolers

If we talk about educational tasks solved during DI with objects, then, first of all, they develop the child’s mental operations. Children develop the ability to analyze, they learn to find commonalities in objects and distinguish between them, and master the skills of handling different objects. Games with objects expand erudition and horizons, cultivate self-control of behavior and attention. Games aimed at physical development improve coordination, fine and gross motor skills.

The teacher, by modifying the content of the game, can achieve solutions to problems of varying complexity. Let's look at the example of the game “Wonderful Bag”.

Table: example of complicating the game depending on the age of the students

Board-printed games

These games help solve important educational problems:

• broaden their horizons and clarify the child’s ideas about the world around them;
• systematize existing knowledge;
• develop thought processes, logic, attentiveness;
• stimulate the imagination.

1. Pupils of younger groups are offered pictures for easy recognition.
   

   Such pictures with images of animals are intended for easy recognition when working with younger preschoolers

2. A more complex version of the same game could be like this: the animals are not presented in full color, but in the form of shadows and moved from previous places.
   

   The illustration shows a more complex version of the pictures, aimed at recognizing animals by their shadow

3. The most difficult version of the game: children must guess the animal based on its outline.
   

   The illustration shows pictures that guide children to recognize animals by their contours

In addition to games with pictures, other board games are widespread - various lotto games, Maze-type games, construction sets, mosaics. These are mainly group games, so they have a competitive effect that stimulates children, for example, who can complete the maze the fastest. Older preschoolers are increasingly offered didactic computer games, which fully corresponds to the spirit of the times, and the practice of using business games in a simplified version is being actively introduced. Puzzles have become very popular.

Puzzles (from the English puzzle) are a game of endurance. The first puzzles were wooden and represented a map of England; they were made by the English engraver Spilsbury in 1763. These puzzles were used in school as a teaching aid and were very expensive. Only 100 years later, puzzles began to be made from cardboard and they became widely available.

The range of lotto from different manufacturers is very wide - from classic games to selection of associations.

For younger preschoolers, simple lotto games are suitable, aimed at studying objects of the immediate environment, flora and fauna

More complex versions of the Lotto game, which form the basis of literacy, counting, understanding of the world around us, etc., are intended for children of older groups.

Older preschoolers will be interested in games containing new information

Word games

They are characterized by the fact that the child’s solution to a learning task occurs as a thought process. While playing, the child imagines, fantasizes, mobilizes his existing knowledge without the help of game material, without any visual aid. During such a game, the auditory (auditory) channel of information perception is involved, which helps to solve such problems as the formation of attention, the development of speech, reaction speed, understanding of humor, allegories, and allegories. Due to the indicated specifics of word games, they are somewhat difficult for children and are more often used when working with older children.

Among the verbal games there are many folk nursery rhymes, riddles, and jokes. As information material for word games, the teacher can use poems and short excerpts from works of art. The teacher can develop his own version of a word game or use ready-made developments, for example, by A. I. Sorokina, O. M. Dyachenko and other authors.

The attribute of many verbal games is a ball, which allows students to take turns speaking

Card index of didactic games

Modern preschool educational institutions operate in strict accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO). The Standard states that preschool institutions must ensure the social, communicative, cognitive, speech, artistic, aesthetic and physical development of children (clause 2.6.). Therefore, when developing a calendar-thematic plan for educational activities, the teacher must take into account the classes implemented in the form of DI. The thematic plan should include games that, in terms of their educational objectives, meet the requirements of the standard.

Table: card index of didactic games in junior groups

Table: card index of didactic games in the middle group

Table: card index of didactic games for older preschoolers

Note that the names of games, tasks and descriptions given in the card indexes can be specified and supplemented depending on the game situations, individual characteristics of the participants, as well as the desire of the teacher to mobilize their professional and personal potential when conducting classes in a game form. Game attributes can be very diverse, right down to improvised materials. The teacher can use game material in ready-made form, or can make it himself, including with the help of children, but for verbal games no material is required at all.

Preparing and conducting a didactic game

Conducting a didactic game is preceded by its development in the form of a summary. The abstract is compiled according to a certain scheme. Please note that there are no strict requirements for the abstract, but the following structure is generally accepted (see table).

The didactic game is built according to a certain plan

Table: structure of the didactic game outline

Table: example of a summary of a didactic game in the middle group (fragments)

Video: musical and didactic game in the younger group

Video: didactic game in mathematics in the middle group

Video: didactic game on patriotic education

Analysis and evaluation of didactic games in kindergarten

DI has a great semantic load and importance in the formation of a child’s personality, so it must be effective. The assessment is carried out on the following key points:

• the feasibility of carrying out this particular game with specific children;
• compliance of educational tasks with the age and psychophysiological characteristics of students;

Didactic material must be safe, aesthetic and appropriate for the age of the students

Questions about the methodology for conducting the game itself also require an answer: what is the role of the teacher as an initiator and leader, what methods of coordinating and organizing children’s play activities were used.

Table: sample protocol for evaluating a didactic game

Age group
Amount of children
Name of the game
Educator
date
Questions for analysis	Activity analysis
Game start time
Didactic tasks
Number of children playing
Who is the initiator of the game
Game material
Children's understanding and acceptance of didactic tasks
Children following rules
Compliance with ethical standards of behavior (underline)	Goodwill, responsiveness, sensitivity, mutual assistance, ability to negotiate, empathy, justice.
Presence of negative qualities (emphasize)	Conflict and its resolution, aggressiveness, disputes, the desire to always be first, rudeness in handling.
The role of the educator	Plays with the children watches the games distributes roles, helps with advice, asking questions, corrects children's activities.
End of the game, summing up
Game duration
Notes, suggestions
Quote via: https://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/upravlenie-dou/2018/01/05/karta-analiza-didakticheskoy-igry

Organization of leisure time for children in preschool educational institutions through didactic games

In addition to the fact that a didactic game is a form of organizing educational activities in kindergarten, it is also a good way to organize leisure time for preschoolers outside of classes, mainly in the afternoon. The most suitable games for these purposes would be quiz games. They do not require special preparation, complex gaming material and can be exclusively verbal. When conducting quiz games, it is important to focus on the average and low level of children’s erudition, especially if the topic is new, gradually complicating the questions, focusing on the increasing intellectual background of the students.

DI can also be built into the holiday script. Guests present, for example, parents, can be involved in such a game. You should not miss the opportunity to solve the problems of teaching and raising children during holidays and other entertainment events. Evenings of musical and didactic games can be organized in kindergarten. The scenario for such an evening is based on the principle of the game “Guess the melody”, “Continue the verse”, “Guess who is singing?” etc.

If a holiday in a kindergarten is held by invited animators, it is advisable to discuss the script in advance and, if necessary, make adjustments.

Example scripts

Examples of leisure and entertainment scenarios with educational games in preschool educational institutions:

• Summer leisure for children of primary preschool age “On a visit to the bear cub” (Chernikova N.V.). Goal: creating a favorable emotional state in children through the activation of musical and motor activity.
• Sports entertainment “A fairy tale helps us to play sports” (Alekseevtseva E.V.). Pupils develop basic physical qualities in a playful way: strength, agility, speed, endurance, coordination of movements, accuracy.
• Thematic leisure for older preschoolers “Traveling with play” (Nekrasova G.V.). The event is aimed at creating positive motivation for the development of children's dynamic activity, patriotism and empathy, and gender tolerance.
• Musical entertainment in the senior group “Miracle Tree” (Osipova M. L.). Goal: to systematize children’s knowledge with the help of musical and didactic games.

A didactic game for a teacher is an effective method of achieving educational goals. Preschoolers carry out game tasks with enthusiasm and at the same time develop the necessary skills for further successful socialization.

Didactic games are a method of teaching children in the form of special educational games, which are a way of active learning. The basis of didactic games is the development of the child’s cognitive sphere.

When choosing such a game, consider the age of your baby, his level of knowledge, as well as his mood and state of health. With the help of didactic games, the child acquires knowledge and receives the necessary new information.

For preschool children, play is the leading activity through which they fully develop.
Didactic games are complex in that they are both a game and a means of learning and all-round development of the child. In the process of such play, the baby develops all mental processes and personal characteristics are formed.

A didactic game is a fun way to comprehensively develop a personality:

Didactic games are an effective and unusual way of raising children in different areas:

1. Mental education. Systematizes knowledge, develops sensory abilities, enriches knowledge about the surrounding reality;

2. Moral education. Forms a caring attitude towards surrounding objects, norms of behavior with people, character traits;

3. Aesthetic education. Forms a sense of beauty;

4. Physical education. They develop fine motor skills of the hands, form cultural and hygienic skills, and develop the child’s emotionality.

A didactic game develops the child’s independence and cognitive activity, as well as his intelligence.

The value of didactic games:

Develop the baby’s cognitive abilities;
Contribute to the assimilation of knowledge;
Have developmental value;
Develop moral qualities: honesty, justice, exactingness, compliance;
Develops the child's speech.

Structure of the didactic game:

1. Familiarization with the progress of the game;
2. Explanation of the contents and rules of the game;
3. Demonstration of game actions;
4. Distribution of roles;
5. Summing up the game.

Types of didactic games:

Playing with objects or toys;

Board games;

Word games.

Games with objects:

This type of game involves the child’s direct perception of various objects, which contributes to the development of the desire to manipulate them for the purpose of studying.

Didactic games with objects are aimed at studying the differences between objects and comparing them with each other. During such games, children learn the color, size and qualities of objects. Games about nature involve the use of natural materials: seeds, leaves, flowers, stones, cones, fruits.

Examples of didactic games with objects:

Game "Find the object"

An adult prepares two identical sets of objects. One is covered with a napkin, and the second is placed in front of the child. Mom or Dad then takes the covered set and places it in front of them. Takes out any object, shows it to the child and names it. After that he hides it again. The child needs to find this object and name it correctly. The child’s task is to identify all the prepared objects.

Game "Put it right"

An adult prepares animal and baby toys. For example, a chicken is a hen, a kitten is a cat, a puppy is a dog. The child must arrange the toys: baby animal - adult animal. Then name them and describe them.

Board games:

Board games include didactic games aimed at introducing children to:

With the world that surrounds them;
With objects of nature;
With plants and animals.

Board games come in the form of:

Lotto;
Paired pictures;
Domino.

Board Game Features:

The board game is effective for the development of:

Speeches;
Thinking;
Attention;
Decision making skills;
Ability to independently control one’s actions and actions.

What kind of educational board games can be?:

Game "Wonderful carriages"

Mom or dad gives the child a train, which is pre-cut out of thick paper. It has four carriages. Separately, the child is given pictures depicting flowers, fruits, animals, and trees. These will be the so-called passengers. It is necessary to arrange them among the cars, correctly dividing them into groups. There should be similar representatives in one group. Tell them how they are similar, why they are in the same group, what one word can be used to call them.

Word games:

This type of didactic games is aimed at developing children's speech, as well as nurturing independence in children. These games use both words and all kinds of actions. Kids learn to describe various objects, recognize them from descriptions, and identify common and distinctive characteristics.

Didactic word games have the following goals:

Consolidation of knowledge;
Clarification and expansion of information about the world;
Formation of cognitive interests;
Development of mental processes;
Effective development of thinking and observation in children.

Examples of verbal didactic games:

Game "Seasons"

An adult reads a text about the seasons of the year. The child guesses which one we are talking about.

"Guess by the description"

An adult places six different objects on the table. Then he describes one of them. Based on the description, the child determines which object the adult described. Repeat the game until the adult describes all the objects.

The role of parents in organizing educational games:

The participation of parents in games plays a major role in the development and upbringing of a child. Parents who do not take part in children's play deprive themselves of the opportunity to get closer to the baby and better study his personal characteristics. Parents should not be the play director. It is necessary to be a partner with your child, while achieving mutual understanding.   This is what distinguishes a parent’s communication in a game from everyday communication, when an adult is a mentor for his child. Parents, organizing didactic games with their child, implement the following tasks:

Implementation of moral education of the child;

Development of correct child behavior and formation of positive relationships in the family;

Promoting the formation of a child's learning styles.

For a child, play is the most serious activity. Without play, a child’s full mental development is impossible. Play is a way to develop children's curiosity.

Dear parents! Support children's play activities. This way you can solve many pedagogical and psychological problems.