Detailed map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Where is the Yamal Peninsula located? Localities of the Yamal Peninsula Road map of Yanao detailed

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the north of Western Siberia in the lower reaches of the Ob River. In the north, it is washed by the Kara Sea. On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Yamal Peninsula is clearly expressed; its eastern coast is washed by one of the largest bays in the Arctic - the Gulf of Ob, with a length of about 800 km. Half of the district's territory is located in the Arctic Circle, which means that there are polar days and polar nights.

The area of ​​the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is 769 250 sq. Km, it is occupied mainly by plains and is dug by the channels of such rivers as the Ob, Pur, Nadym and Taz.

The development of the northern lands began in the 60s of the last century, and thanks to the rich natural resources, the region grew and developed rapidly. Here oil and natural gas are extracted and transported to other regions of the country. To this day, these places attract people with high salaries, winter harsh romance and beauty. The indigenous population is the Nenets (Samoyeds), and many tribes continue to live the same way as many years ago. They lead a nomadic lifestyle, are engaged in reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing.

Salekhard (Nenets "city on a cape") is the administrative center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is not the largest city in the region. In terms of population, it is inferior to the cities of Novy Urengoy and Noyabrsk.

The climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is harsh. Winter lasts 8 months with snowstorms, fogs, and the temperature can drop to -60 C. Summer is unusually warm, but short-lived. Here magnetic storms cause one of the most beautiful natural phenomena - the aurora borealis.

Despite the cold weather, many tourists visit the region. They strive to visit the northernmost nature reserve in Russia - Gydansky - which has preserved the culture of the local population, go on an ethnographic tour or go in for downhill skiing. Water sports enthusiasts descend the rugged mountain rivers, try their hand at fishing and enjoy the rugged northern beauty.

Tourist notes

Gulrypsh - a summer cottage for celebrities

There is a district in the arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. It is called YANAO. It belongs to one of the regions of the Far North. It is located at this time on the eastern slope of the Ural ridge, beyond the Arctic Circle.

This constituent entity of the Russian Federation is now located on the territory of the Tyumen region. The administrative, regional center of the district is Salekhard. The area of ​​the Autonomous Okrug is 800,000 kilometers. It is several times larger than the entire territory of Spain or France. The Yamal Peninsula is the most extreme continental point, its location is reflected on the map of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and towns.

The border is clearly marked on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it passes next to Yugra - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Washed by the waters of the Kara Sea.

The climate is continental. It is determined by the abundance of lakes, bays, rivers, the presence of permafrost and the proximity of the cold Kara Sea. Winter lasts quite a long time, more than six months. In summer, strong winds blow, sometimes snow falls.

The region occupies a leading place in Russia in terms of oil, hydrocarbon and natural gas reserves. On the map of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the deposits located on the territory of Urengoy, the Nakhodka Peninsula and in the Arctic Circle are marked.

When people in Central Russia suffer from unbearable heat, the people of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very kind people live here, who gave this place their name. They call the Yamal Peninsula "The End of the Earth", because this is how its name sounds in translation from the Nenets.

The history of cold Yamal

The first mention of the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century, but Novgorod merchants managed to get there even earlier. Their references to the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers talked about squirrels and deer that fell to the ground like raindrops from clouds. It was from this moment that the popularity of Yamal began to grow.

In order to finally conquer the rich northern lands, Tsar Fyodor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, a Cossack detachment created a fortification called Obdorsk. Today everyone knows this place as Salekhard - a city that is the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Okrug. After the northern lands were conquered and passed to Russia, the power of this state began to grow rapidly.

Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location

The northernmost and coldest peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug. It ranks fourth in size, washed by By the Kara Sea from three sides, as well as the bays of the Baydaratskaya and Ob bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.

The flora here is represented only by tundra and forest-tundra areas. The flora is made up of undersized shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. The flora and fauna are very poor here, but there are a lot of fish.

The peninsula is renowned for its unrivaled cold beauty and untouched lands. Believe me, the sight is impressive. Guests from all over the country come here to look at this area. The impressions are sometimes so strong that people who have come for six months decide to stay here forever.

Yamal is located beyond the North the polar circle, this greatly affects its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, with a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.

The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. There are many small lakes in Yamal that are suitable for economic activities. Valuable species of salmon fish live here.

Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.

The local climate greatly affects health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as frostbite in the upper part of the lungs.

Scientists have identified one very curious moment that is directly related to the north. All people who have lived on the Yamal Peninsula for more than seven years have a widened heart artery. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which a person becomes more hospitable, kinder, more responsive and affectionate. In such difficult conditions, it is impossible to survive while remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in the changes.

Permafrost treasure

Many people call the Yamal Peninsula a gas cylinder, but residents do not take offense at this comic nickname. They only correct, saying that their autonomous region is the gas heart of Russia. There is really so much gas here that it even comes to the surface.

Photos of the crater, the diameter of which is 60 meters, were taken here. This natural phenomenon made this place famous, but did not surprise specialists at all. Such funnels very often appear in permafrost, which contains a large supply of natural gas. This is the place the Yamal Peninsula is. Photo of the famous funnel in front of you.

In the pre-war years, reindeer husbandry and fishing were considered the main sectors of the economy. Fur procurement increased rapidly. However, as soon as the district was formed, an absolutely new branch began to develop - crop production. People began to grow fodder roots, potatoes and vegetables.

Administrative-territorial structure of the peninsula

The Autonomous Okrug includes:

6 urban settlements;

6 city districts;

36 rural settlements;

7 municipal districts.

Settlements Yamal Peninsula

Noyabrsk;

New Urengoy;

Gubkinsky;

Labytnangi;

Salekhard;

Tarko-Sale;

Muravlenko;

The largest settlements are:

1. New Port;

2. Yar-Sale;

3. Salemal;

4. Cape Kamenny;

5. Panaevsk;

Urban-type settlements:

Korotchaevo;

Pangody;

Limbyayakha;

Tazovsky;

Urengoy;

Old Nadym.

The Yamal Peninsula is partially inhabited; full development is complicated by climatic conditions.

Peninsula population

For quite a long time, the district was practically deserted, inhabited here exclusively by the Khanty, Nenets and Selkup tribes. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and led a nomadic lifestyle.

The situation began to change from the XX century, at this time the development of the natural resources of the district began and the population gradually began to increase.

Population:

1926 - 19,000 people;

1975 - 122,000;

2000 - 495 200 people;

2012 - 539 800;

National structure (percentage):

Selkups - 0.4;

Khanty - 1.9;

Nenets - 5.9;

Tatars - 5.6;

Other nationalities - 17.5;

Ukrainians - 9.7;

Russians - 61.7.

It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only constituent entity of the Russian Federation where natural population growth is still preserved. This fact takes place in all settlements, cities and regions.

The birth rate here is much higher than the all-Russian level, and the mortality rate is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The number of the population is constantly increasing, and due to natural growth.

The Yamal Peninsula is a territory of permafrost and unsurpassed landscapes. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. Everyone who has visited Yamal at least once will certainly return here.

Today Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio-economic development, which is very important both for the northern regions and for the country as a whole.