Working in Unity3d: the basics of creating games. Working in Unity3d: The Basics of Making Games Creating a Game Scene

In the first chapter you will find basic information on downloading and installing Unity and preparing the first scene of our game.

Setting up the environment in Unity

Let's start with the simplest: downloads and Unity settings.

Download the latest version from the official site or torrent and run the installation file.

To edit the code in Unity (4.0.1 and higher), use the MonoDevelop editor. If you are on Windows, you can (and I advise you) to use the Visual Studio 2013 Desktop (C #) alternative editor for Windows, then change the default editor to Visual Studio in Unity settings.

Good to Know: You cannot use the Visual Studio 2013 Express debugger with Unity. You must have the Pro version of Visual Studio and buy the UnityVS plugin. With the Express version, you will have a better code editor, but the lack of a debugger will negate all its advantages.

Mac OS X

A note on the Resources folder: If you've worked with Unity before, you know that Resources is a useful and unique folder. It allows you to load an object or file into a script (using the static Resources class). We will need it at the very end (in the chapter on the menu). Simply put, until we add it.

Our first play scene

Panel Hierarchy(Hierarchy) contains all objects that are available in the scene. This is what you manipulate when you start the game with the "Play" button.

Each scene object is a game object for Unity. You can create an object in the main scene, or in another object in the game. You can also move the object at any time to change its parent.

As you can see here, we have 3 descendants here for the Level object.

V Unity you can create an empty object and use it as a "folder" for other game objects. This will simplify the structure of your scene.

Make sure they all have coordinates (0, 0, 0) so you can easily find them! Empty objects do not use their coordinates in any way, but they do affect the relative coordinates of their children. We won't talk about this topic in this tutorial, let's just zero out the coordinates of the lower empty objects.

Filling the scene

By default, a new scene is created with a Main Camera object. Drag it onto the stage.

First, create these empty objects:

Scripts We will add our scripts here. We use this object to attach scripts that are not associated with the object - for example, a game manager script. Render Our camera and lights will be here. Level

In Level, create 3 empty objects:

• 0 - Background
• 1 - Middleground
• 2 - Foreground

Save the scene in the Scenes folder. Name it whatever you like, for example Stage1. Here's what we got:

Tip: By default, the game object is anchored to the position of the parent. This has an interesting side effect when using a camera object: if the camera is a child object, it will automatically track the position of the parent. If it is the root of the scene or is inside an empty game object, it always displays the same view. However, if you place the camera on a moving game object, it will follow its movements within the scene. In this case, we want a fixed camera, so we put it in an empty Render object. But remember this property of the camera object, it may come in handy. We will elaborate on this topic in the chapter "Parallax Scrolling".

We have just created the basic structure of our game. In the next step, we'll start doing some fun stuff: adding a background to the scene and more!

Add a background to the scene

Our first background will be static. Let's use the following image:

Import the image into the Textures folder. Just copy the file into it, or drag and drop it from the explorer. Don't worry about import settings for now.

Create a new Sprite game object in Unity on stage.

What is a sprite?

Basically, a sprite is a 2D image used in a video game. In this case, it's a Unity object for creating 2D games.

Adding a Sprite Texture

Unity can automatically set the background for your sprite. If none of this happened, or if you want to change the texture, go to the inspector tab and select background: (background)

You have to click on the small round icon to the right of the input field for the Select Sprite to appear in the Inspector

My sprite doesn't appear in the dialog! Make sure you are in the tab Assets the Select Sprite dialog box. If you see the dialog box empty, don't be alarmed. The fact is that for some Unity installations, even with a fresh new 2D project, the images are imported as "Texture" and not "Sprite". To fix this, you need to select the image in the Project panel, and in the Inspector, change the Texture Type property of the Sprite property:

So, we have created a simple sprite to represent the clouds in the sky. Let's make changes to the scene. In the panel Hierarchy(Hierarchy) select New Sprite. Rename it Background1 or something easy to remember. Rename it Background1 or something easy to remember. Then move the object to the desired location: Level -> 0 - Background. Change the coordinates to (0, 0, 0).

Make a copy of the background and place it at (20, 0, 0). This should go well with the first part.

Tip: You can create a copy of the object using cmd + D keys in OS X or ctrl + D Windows.

Sprite Layers

The next statement is obvious, but it has some disadvantages: we are mapping a 2D world. This means that all images are at the same depth, i.e. 0. And you graphics engine doesn't know what to display in the first place. Sprite layers allow us to define what is in front and what is behind.

In Unity, we can change the "Z" of our elements, which will allow us to work with layers. This is what we did in this tutorial before upgrading to Unity 5, but we liked the idea of ​​using sprite layers. Your component has Sprite Renderer there is a field with a name Sorting Layer with default value. If you click on it, you will see:

Let's add some layers to fit our needs (use the + button):

Add a background layer to your background sprite:

Customization Order in layer is a way to constrain sublayers. The lower numbered sprites appear in front of the higher numbered sprites.

Layer Default cannot be deleted as this is the layer used by the 3D elements. You can have 3D objects in a 2D game, in particular, particles are treated as 3D objects by Unity, so they will be rendered on this layer.

Adding background elements

Also known as props... These elements do not affect the gameplay in any way, but they can improve the graphics of the game. Here are some simple flying platform sprites:

As you can see, we have put the two platforms into one file. This is a good way to learn how to crop sprites with the new tools. Unity.

Getting two sprites from one image

Follow these steps:

1. Import images into the "Textures" folder
2. Select the Platform sprite and go to the Inspector panel
3. Change "Sprite Mode" to "Multiple"
4. Click on the Sprite Editor button

In a new window (Sprite Editor) you can draw rectangles around each platform to cut the texture into smaller pieces:

The Slice button in the upper left corner will allow you to quickly and automatically do this tedious job:

Unity will find objects inside the image and will cut them automatically. You can set a default value for the pivot point or the minimum size for each slice. For a simple image without artifacts, this is extremely effective. However, if you are using this tool, be careful and check the result to make sure you get what you want.

In this tutorial, we'll do this manually. Name the platforms platform1 and platform2. Now, below the image file, you should see two separate sprites:

Let's add them to the scene. To do this, we will perform the same actions as for the background: create a new sprite and select platform1. Then we will repeat these steps for platform2. Place them in Object 1 - Middleground. Make sure their Z position is zero.

Prefabs

This will create a Prefab that exactly matches the original game object. You will see that the GameObject you converted to Prefab is a new row of buttons right below its name:

A note on the "Prefab" buttons: When modifying the game object later, you can use the "Apply" button to apply these changes to the Prefab, or the "Revert" button to undo all changes to the game object in the Prefab properties. The "Select" button will move the selected properties to the Prefab asset in the project window (they will be highlighted).

Creating prefabs with platform objects will make them easier to reuse. Just drag and drop Prefab to the stage to add a copy. Try adding another platform in the same way.

Now you can add more platforms that change their coordinates, sizes and planes (you can place them in the background or foreground, just set the Z coordinate for the platform to 0).

At this stage, it all looks damp, but in the next two chapters we will add parallax scrolling, and the scene will come to life before our eyes.

Layers

Before moving on, we'll modify our layers to avoid any problems with their display order. To do this, simply change the position of the game objects along the Z axis in the tab Hierarchy(Hierarchy) as follows:

When switching from 2D to 3D mode, you can clearly see the layers in the Scene window:

By clicking on the Main Camera game object, you will see that the Projection checkbox is set to Orthographic. This setting allows the camera to render a 2D game without considering the 3D properties of objects. Keep in mind that even if you are working with 2D objects, Unity still uses its 3D engine to render the scene. The figure above clearly demonstrates this.

In the next lesson:

You just learned how to create a simple static background and how to render it properly. We then taught you how to make simple sprites. In the next chapter, we will learn how to add a player and his enemies.

Unity is the game engine that powers most of today's games across multiple platforms. Using the engine, it is possible to create games aimed at launching on computers (Windows, Linux, MacOS), mobile phones, tablet computers (Android, iOS, Windows Phone) and even PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo game consoles.

It's impossible to imagine creating games on the Unity engine without writing additional code. Unity supports two programming languages ​​- and. Previously, the Boo language was also supported, but later dropped.

You can independently choose which language to program in Unity, as it does not really matter. Most developers give preference to the language, as it is more powerful and it is much easier to find various documentation than for the language.

Unity uses built-in functions that are not found in C # or JavaScript. Due to this, it doesn't really matter whether you know the programming language or not. However, we still recommend taking the C # language course first. The course is presented on our website by.

Course plan

During the course we will create a simple game called "Roll a Ball". The game will have a ball that can be moved using the arrows on the keyboard. When moving, the object will be able to absorb other objects on the surface, thereby collecting points.

The course is introductory, so no knowledge is required before taking it. After the course, you can review more advanced programs. All programs are presented on our website.

How to create a game in Unity

Casual games in the genre match 3 (three in a row) - one of the most popular on the market. Many people play Candy Crush, Bejeweled and others. These games have a simple goal: move the tiles around until three of the same tiles are next to each other. When this happens, the matched elements disappear, and others appear in their place. At the same time, the player gains points.

This guide will cover the following:

• Create a board filled with tiled elements
• Selecting and Deselecting Tiles
• Identifying Neighboring Items with Raycasts
• Replacing elements
• Find matching three or more items with raycasts
• Filling empty elements
• Counting and counting movements

Note... It is assumed that you already know how to use the Unity editor, how to edit code, and that you have a basic knowledge of C #.

In the future, you can add time modes, different levels with boards of different sizes, bonus points for combinations, or animation effects.

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We have already covered the history of the Unity engine and its advantages in the article "". In short, this technology is incredibly popular among indie developers, as well as a number of large studios that create games of various genres on it. Below, we'll take a look at some of the best projects that Unity has spawned.

10th place

An original indie first-person shooter created by the eponymous Superhot Team. As a small demo for the 7 Day FPS Challenge, the game has evolved into a demo , and then moved to Kickstarter, where she received the necessary funding and subsequently became a full-fledged game.

In appearance makes a nondescript impression: the graphics are made in a minimalist style (red faceless opponents on a gray background), and the gameplay offers only one thing - to shoot opponents. However, the uniqueness lies in the shooting itself, or rather, in the way it takes place.

So, when you move, time in SUPERHOT flows as usual, but as soon as you stop, everything around freezes. Stopped time will allow you to look around and figure out the further course of action in order to make a beautiful streak of murders. But if you catch at least one bullet, you will die.

9th place

Another indie game created by by Failbetter Games. By itself, Sunless Sea is not iconic and does not offer unique items. We decided to add it to the list only because, in general, the game is made with high quality, and its genre - roguelike - today in its pure form is almost impossible to find in the vastness of the gaming industry.

Having raised funds on Kickstarter, the developers decided to release a spin-off to their own browser-based RPG Fallen London. The entire action of Sunless Sea develops in the same universe and in the same time frame - the scenery of the Victorian era, which has absorbed mystical themes and fantasy like the legends of Cthulhu.

To play the same in Sunless Sea was to be the captain of the steamer, who travels to various islands of this world and faces all sorts of obstacles.

If you want to play a game with a wonderful world, well-crafted scenes and a good plot that rivals serious books, then you will definitely like Sunless Sea.

8th place

An MMO simulator in which players need to jointly control a huge airship. Guns of Icarus Online is designed in the style ... You will not find any world or description of the universe in this game - everything that happens takes place in the faceless heavenly spaces, where combat airships collide.

As a session game, the game offers gamers to participate in online battles both 1 on 1 and in the form of massive battles. However, 1 on 1 is a conditional concept, since each one is represented by four real players.

Before the start of the battle, each of the four must choose a specialization: the class of a pilot, marksman or engineer. True to their name, specializations are focused on different tasks and have unique characteristics.

During battles, the entire team of players is on the airship and performs their duties. As an engineer, a gamer can take the helm of the pilot or sit on the cannon. The pilot, in turn, no one bothers to go to repair the broken object.

The difference lies in the debuffs and buffs that are applied depending on the class and the player's actions (the pilot controls better, and the engineer repairs faster).

Guns of Icarus Online features many unique airships, each with its own firepower and characteristics. Victory will be achieved by the team that sends the enemy equipment into free flight - i.e. will destroy.

7th place

The project, which caused the hype bacchanalia in 2016, which swept the entire Internet, has infiltrated television and newspapers. is a free game for mobile devices in which the player has to collect famous monster characters from the Pokemon universe.

The key feature of the game is based on augmented reality technology, which, using an Internet connection and a video camera, determines the user's location and projects the Pokémon themselves on the screen, which seem to be in reality at that time.

However, only Pokemon Go managed to get a loud response from the public - the game was downloaded by more than 100 million people from all over the world. Niantic also managed to earn about half a billion dollars.

6th place

In 2016, Campo studio released an interesting indie project - a game of with a first-person perspective that tells the story of a common man named Henry and his troubles that spawns modern society.

The game takes place in the Shoshone forest in 1989, just at the time when the Yellowstone fire began. The main character Henry, who has lost his beloved wife, decides to abstract from society and go into a hermitage, becoming an observer of the forest on one of the fire towers.

The whole plot is based on the communication between Henry and Delilah's girlfriend, who is on the other side of the radio during the entire passage. The relationship of characters, as well as the problems they raise, is the essence of Firewatch.

5th place

Obsidian Entertainment continues its trend of resurrecting old-school role-playing games. After the successful Pillars of Eternity, the developers set about is a project of the same genre that tells a completely new story.

Like PoE, which we also recommend you play, Tyranny is made on the Unity engine. In technical terms, the game (like all of the above) does not offer anything new - this is the use of all the same technologies of the border of the 1990s and 2000s, which were at one time used in the CRPG.

As you become familiar with the genre, you will encounter familiar party gameplay and pause. Difficult battles await you, in which you need to use all the skills of the heroes, and the branched plot and dialogue that are the main highlight of Tyranny. Recommended for fans of Baldur's Gate and Planescape: Torment.

4th place - Rust

In the endless odorous goo called "Early Access Survival Simulator" it is very difficult to find anything worthwhile other than the odorous goo itself. However, there are still exceptions, as Rust eloquently declares to us. This "survivalist" primarily differs from hundreds of similar clones in that it became one of the first of its kind.

Rust

The Rust project has been in Early Access for a long time (since 2013), which in fact ranked it among the damned camp of "alpha games" that were never destined to come out. Nevertheless, the game has been updated for so long and has acquired so much content that it was in early access more at the whim of the developers than due to technical reasons. Finally, on February 8, 2018, the game was officially released.

In general, all the craziness with games in early access in started with DayZ, which fell on the industry like a bolt from the blue. It was on her that the Rust developers were guided, however, they soon decided to move away from the original idea and mix the features of DayZ with Minecraft.

Actually, the essence of Rust lies in the genre itself - you need to survive. The game works exclusively in online mode, so you have to interact with other players.

You will find yourself on a huge island with only one purpose - to survive. Well, to survive, you have to collect resources, craft various things from an ax to a pistol, build bases, fight other gamers, and so on.

We would not have placed her in the top if, as mentioned above, she had not become one of the pioneers of the genre. A quality game that managed to sell more than 5 million copies by 2016, which speaks in large part in Rust's favor.

3rd place

This indie platformer is a rare exception when games of this genre, created by small studios on low budgets, become masterpieces.

Most of the games on Unity are created by indie developers (about 90% of the total). Basically, of course, such projects fail or simply go unnoticed by the audience, which hurts Unity's presentability. And only occasionally games like whirlwind among competitors, leaving everyone behind.

Inside is developed by Danish studio Playdead, who are also responsible for the release of Limbo. In Inside, you also play as a nameless boy, traveling through a grotesque and dangerous world.

Here you won't find great gameplay, super-cool graphics, or superbly written dialogues - just an oppressive and dark atmosphere that puts everything on the shelves without words.

In the case of Inside, it will not be possible to discuss any innovative technologies. Unity used , just gave them a wide range of tools and ease of use, which top engines like Frostbite cannot offer.

This was enough for the developers to create the simplest gameplay and graphics, but incredibly touching and memorable game.

2nd place

Another interesting project on Unity is the space simulator Kerbal Space Program - an exciting , in which you are invited to build your own spaceport, build a rocket and launch it into space!

Many games can offer similar fun, but the Kerbal Space Program is unique in that it requires the player's ingenuity and at least a superficial knowledge of the laws of physics.

It is likely that your first launch in this game will end in failure, and it is no less likely that the same fate will befall the second and even a dozen subsequent ones.

KSP is highly complex, so you will have to consider many factors - the speed required to enter orbit, fuel capacity, gravity, and more - in order to carry out your own space program.

Having dealt with the construction of the rocket, you will try to get into the orbit of the Earth, and then completely leave it in order to get to other planets. In the Kerbal Space Program there are living creatures - kerbals, which will become your astronauts.

Having mastered flights into space, you can choose a more global goal for yourself - to deliver a crew to another planet, disembark it, and then deliver it back.

In general, Kerbal Space Program is a game of enormous difficulty, having overcome which you will get a lot of pleasure and become a little more erudite.

1st place

The Civilization series pioneered the genre 4X strategies. Since the 1990s, she has come a long way and is still considered the best of the best. Naturally, from year to year, the series' emerging financial successes have encouraged and continue to encourage third-party developers to release something similar.

Some work as a blueprint, a minority make unique games that even surpass Civilization in many ways. Endless Legend, developed by Amplitude on the Unity engine, is one of those.

Endless Legend came out in 2014. After three years, it has received four major and did not lose that, albeit small, but still a fan base who loved this magical strategy.

And although the goals of the 4X strategy do not differ from many others (you must completely destroy the enemy, or achieve a scientific / territorial / diplomatic victory), its setting and some features stand out significantly from the competitors.

If you are tired of Civilization and similar clones, then pay attention to Endless Legend - a game with its own enchanting universe and unique mechanics, which, most likely, you can fall in love with much more than the "chips" of the same Civilization.

Video: Endless Legend Trailer

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Hello everyone! Having learned how to make games on this engine, I want to teach you the same. First, we need Unity3d itself, any 3D model editor and straight arms growing from the shoulders.

1. Studying the program

Consider the screen above:

• The stage is your sandbox for creativity.
• Project - all animations and models, sounds and textures are located here.
• To install models in the upper toolbar, select Assets-Import New Asset. Alternatively, Assets-Import Package-Custom Package. In the second case, the package must be in the .unity extension.
• Hierarchy - all objects in the scene. There you create parents for the object. Just move an object to another in the hierarchy menu, and it will snap. The end result is a kind of folder.
• Toolbar - a list of instruments. There you can enable 2D, 3D mode.
• Inspector is a characteristic of an object, where you add animations, scripts, and more. There you can use tools: moving the camera, moving the object, stretching, rotating the object.

Now you see the object menu in it, you can add animation, scripts and more.

I think that you will have no problems with this menu.
To create any object, click.

In general, we have studied the program; soon it will be possible to write our own games.

2. Making the simplest game

Also create mountains and bumps. Then load the Characher controller pack into your project. Then we search in the window with the Standart assets-Characters controller project and choose the first person view (capsule) or the third person (mechanic).
If the first person, then just put it on the ground. If from the third, then you need to load the animation. I also recommend setting lighting on the Create-Directional Light scene.

To add music, drag it to the desired object.
The game is ready, but how to compile it?

To do this, go to File-Build settings-player settings (for shortcut and title). Choose your platform and voila, you're done. To do this, you need to install the Android SDK. But there you need to specify the folder with the SDK, and you need not just the SDK, but the API of the required level (for example, Android 4.2 has API 17). For example, for the game to run on Android 4.0+, you need to install these APIs.

In the next article I will tell you how to set up controls for Android or iOS and learn how to write scripts yourself.